Joseph R. Lough, brother of James Randolph Lough

James Randolph Lough was my great-great-grandfather. Joseph was (must have been) James’ twin brother. They were both born in 1846 in Ohio and, based on the similarity of names, they were probably twins. I can’t find a specific birth date or birth place for either of them. And, I can’t find a name to fit the middle initial of Joseph.

Joseph was the son of Philip and Lucinda Lough. (My records are complete in disarray about the marriages of Philip and the births of his children. I show three wives and children by each wife. However, some of the children by each wife are born in years that intersperse with children from other wives. More research is needed, of course, to straighten out this chaos.)

In 1860, Joseph and James are living in Jefferson, Indiana, with their parents (Lucinda is the mom) and three younger siblings: Elijah, Martha, and Laura. He was still living there in 1863 when, on December 16, he enlisted in the Federal army. He was a private in Company F, 44^th Indiana Infantry. He was 17 years old.

The 44^th Indiana Infantry was a unit with a long record of service in the Federal army. It was organized at Fort Wayne, IN, on 24 October 1861. These men fought on both days (April 6 and 7) at Shiloh, suffering 33 killed and 177 wounded. They continued in service throughout the western war, fighting at Forts Henry and Donelson, Corinth, MS, Perryville, KY, Stones River, TN, Chickamauga, and Missionary Ridge.

The 44^th was sent back Tullahoma, TN, and served on provost duty (probably guarding the railroad) until September 1864. They returned to Chattanooga on 15 October and served on provost duty until they were mustered out of the service 14 September 1865. It is probable, then, that Joseph served as a guard from his enlistment until his discharge.

In 1870, Joseph was living with the P. W. Raines family in Avoca, IL, working as a farm laborer. His Soldier’s Home papers say that he lived in Quincy, IL, subsequent to his discharge. In 1880, he lives in Fairbury, IL, with his wife Hester and his 8-year-old daughter Luella. Interestingly, this census record lists Joseph’s place of birth as Indiana, as well as his father’s (who was born in Virginia—now West Virginia) and mother’s (who was born in Ohio).

From 1886 on, Joseph shuttled from one soldier’s nursing home to another. On 15 December 1886 he was admitted to the U.S. National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers in Leavenworth, KS. His disability is the loss of a hand, which occurred on 18 November 1881 in Fairbury, IL. His military record says he was a carpenter after his discharge, which might account for the way he lost his hand. However, another record seems to indicate that he contracted “lung disease” in Aug 1865. His cause of death is “pulmonary tuberculosis; chronic enboitis (?)” This may be one reason Joseph seems to be moved from one home to another, seeking treatment for a very difficult lung disease.

Here are his movements, according to records from the “U.S. National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938” and a 1910 census record:

7/26/86 (or 12/15/86), admitted to the Western Branch (Leavenworth, KS);

10/6/92, discharged.

2/16/93, readmitted to the Western Branch (Leavenworth, KS);

7/21/97, discharged and “dropped at request” (whatever that means);

5/28/98, admitted to the Marion Branch (Marion, IN);

9/1/00, transferred to the Western Branch (Leavenworth, KS);

12/5/03, transferred to the Danville Branch (Danville, IL);

10/21/04, transferred to the Mountain Branch (Johnson City, TN);

1/9/09, he is released from the Mountain Branch;

Sometime in here he was readmitted to the Western Branch (Leavenworth, KS). Though there is no record in the National Soldier’s records, the Federal Census of 1910 records him living at the National Soldier’s Home in Leavenworth, KS.

8/31/10, admitted to the Northwest Branch (Milwaukee, WI). Joseph died at the home in Milwaukee, 2/16/14. He was 68 years old. He is buried in the Wood National Cemetery, Milwaukee, WI.

As one might expect, Joseph’s health continually degraded as he grew older. It is unclear what the original complaint was that disabled him so that he entered the Soldier’s Home system. His first record shows that he lost his left hand in 1881. A subsequent record, though, seems to indicate that he was diagnosed with some sort of lung disease during the last month of his Army service. The record from the Milwaukee home indicates Joseph suffered from “arterio sclerosis, chronic (alcoholism?), rheumatism, loss of left hand, asthmatic, hypertrophy of prostate, varicose veins in left leg.” At least his “mental condition appears normal.”

IF, IF, IF, IF Joseph was an alcoholic (and that is not clear from the hard-to-read entry on the ledger), that might explain his “in-and-out” of so many of these homes, as well as his ultimate divorce from Hester. At least as early as 1898 Joseph is categorized as “Divorced (single)” in Soldier’s Homes records. The Federal Census of 1910 notes that he is divorced. Interestingly, when Hester Lough shows up in the Federal Census of 1900, she lives in Indian Grove, IL, with her son, Frederick (who is 19 at the time)—and she says she is “widowed”. The same thing occurs in the census of 1910, when she lives in Fairbury Ward 3, Livingston County, IL, and is still calling herself a widow. Who knows what pain and shame they might both have experienced in their later relationship, as Joseph was disabled and became more and more ill?

THE LOUGH FAMILY OF PENDLETON COUNTY

Our Lough family is descended from the family of John Peter Lough, an immigrant from Germany. His son, George Peter, a Revolutionary War veteran is our line of descent. This family moved from Pennsylvania, into what is now West Virginia, to Ohio, to Indiana and Illinois, to Texas, then to Oklahoma. This information was compiled  by Warren Skidmore on his site: http://pages.swcp.com/~dhickman/journals/V5I3/lough.html.

 The search for the family of Adam and George Lough starts on Switzers Gap Run in Pendleton County where Adam, a native of Germany, had settled by 1769. Some 17 years later Adam had an additional 138 acres surveyed there, and his younger brother George acquired his first tract of 68 acres at the same time. Both surveys were done on 16 February 1786.¹ Elsewhere we learn that these tracts were on Shavers Run which heads up in Hardy County, runs in a southerly direction through Mill Creek District of Pendleton County, and drains into the South Branch of the Potomac. Adam Lough had been in Virginia for many years, but George Lough had stayed behind in Berks County, Pennsylvania, where he served throughout the Revolution in the Pennsylvania Line. Now that the Loughs have a solid footing in Virginia let us go back to their beginnings:

JOHANN PETER LOCH, a shoemaker at the time of his marriage, was christened on 23 February 1710 at Wolfersweiler in Saarland, a son of Johann Loch and his wife Maria Elizabeth, according to the Kirchen-buch of that place. When grown he made his way a few kilometers east to Baumholder in the Rhineland-Palatinate, now (and no doubt then) a larger place with greater opportunities. He married Eve Elizabetha Bollman there on 3 July 1736. She was born on 29 November 1718 at Aulenbach in Baumholder, a daughter of Johann Nickel and Anna Ursula (Hammen) Bollman who had married at Baumholder on 20 February 1716.² Peter Lough and his father-in-law Johan Nickell Bollman came to Philadelphia in the Loyal Judith in 1739.

The Loyal Judith was one of a convoy of three ships which crossed the Atlantic together and docked at Philadelphia on the same day. The other two ships were the Robert and Alice, and the Friendship. There was another family of Lochs, cousins from Weiersbach (which is within spitting distance of Wolfersweiler), on board the Friendship. They will be noticed later. The men aged 16 years and over (including Loch's eldest brother-in-law John Adam Bollman, now 18) qualified at the courthouse on 3 September 1739. Their allegiance was certified by Edward Paynter, master of the Loyal Judith.³

Peter Lough had settled by 1745 in the Tulpehocken Valley where two of his younger children were christened. He later acquired 130 acres of land in Alsace Township in Berks County where Peter Loch and Michael Maurer (who we will meet later) were taxed in 1767.⁴ In addition to his two sons who went to Pendleton County there was another son John who was baptized on 14 March 1745 at Christ Lutheran Church, Stouchburg, as a son of Peter and Eva Elizabeth Loch.⁵ Peter and his wife also had at least two daughters. Maria Elizabeth was living unmarried (perhaps still in her teens) in 1765, and Anna Elizabeth (perhaps a bit younger) was baptized on 11 March 1750 at Trinity Church at Tulpehocken. No marriage has yet been found for either daughter in Berks County.

This is perhaps the proper place to introduce the difficulties in sorting out certain references to Peter Lough (and his sons) in Berks County and in Virginia. They are generally known as Loch or Lock, but there was another family in Berks County named Lack (and near variants).⁶ Mary Harter, the first serious genealogist of Pendleton County families, undertook a search for the ancestry of George Lough for a client living in Seal Beach, California, in 1981. She got back (correctly) to the Tulpehocken Valley where so many of the early German families of Pendleton County originated. She did an enormous amount of work reading the original German church registers in that area and found the baptism of Adam Lough's daughter at Reading on 4 April 1765.⁷ However she got so bogged down in the confusing references to the Lack/Lauck/Laux family and the conflicting names and dates in Berks County that she could not come to any conclusion about the Lock/Loch/Loeh family of her client's husband.⁸

Peter Loch was living as late as 1768 on his farm of 100 acres in Alsace Township where he was taxed 10 shillings on his land and two horses, four cattle and two sheep. There is no surviving tax list for the next 11 years and it may be taken as likely that Peter died without the benefit of probate in Alsace Township in this period, 1768-1779. ⁹

JOHANN ADAM LOCH, Peter's eldest son (and the Adam Lough who left a large family in Pendleton County), was born on 8 August 1737 and was christened three days later at Baumholder, Germany.¹⁰ He married, by what can only be a considerable coincidence, Maria Barbara Lack, a daughter of the family which has been so easily confused with his own. He was married as Adam Loeh at the Host Reformed Church at Tuplehocken on 4 March 1760, and he and Barbara appear to have had several daughters in rather quick succession. Unfortunately only one christening has been found to date for any of his children. Maria Elizabeth, daughter of Adam and Maria Barbara Loeh, was born on 18 March 1765 and christened on April 4th at Trinity Lutheran Church at Reading. Peter Loeh [the grandfather], and Maria Elizabeth Loeh, a sister [of the father] were the sponsors. Alsace Township adjoins Reading on the east and the party obviously came from there. This is the last mention of Adam Lough in Pennsylvania.

He was in Pendleton County by 3 May 1769 when he purchased (as Adam Lock) 88 acres from Nicholas Seybert for £10, described as being on the mountain between the South Fork and the South Branch of the Potomac. It had been patented to Jacob Seybert, the father of the grantor, on 10 November 1757 and adjoined Michael Mallow's line.¹¹ Traditionally Adam and Barbara are said to have first settled briefly in a cave at the head of Reed's Creek until their cabin could be built.¹² On 10 October 1772 Adam Loff and Adam Harpole were witnesses to the will of George Fultz. The widow Catherine Barbara Fultz qualified as executor on 16 March 1773 with Nicholas Harpole and Adam Loft as her sureties.¹³ On 14 October 1772 he had 53 acres adjoining Adam Harpole and his own land surveyed.¹⁴ To this he added a further 80 acres on Shavers Run, described as a branch of the South Fork of the Potomac, on 3 November 1773.¹⁵ He appears on an early tax list of 1777 with one tithable (himself) and his 88 acres.¹⁶ He is found with regularity thereafter in the records until his death at the age of 63 during the winter of 1789-90 at KIine in Pendleton County.¹⁷ He was doubtless buried there.

Adam Lough's will ("being very sick & weak in body") was signed on 5 November 1789. His wife Barbara was named executrix and given wide powers to pay his debts and to care for his children. His eldest son Adam, then scarcely ten years old, was given twelve years after he came of age to make yearly payments to his brothers and sisters. If he elected to make these payments (which were to be based on an appraisal of the value of his plantation) then Adam was to have his father's land. If not, it was to be sold at public vendue and Adam was to have £10 above an equal share of the proceeds as the eldest son and heir of his father. Two daughters, Catherine and Mary, apparently already married, were not to have their payment until the rest of the children had been paid. The implication is that they had some small settlement at the time of their marriage. These are the only three children mentioned by name, but it appears that he was survived by at least 12 children at the time of his death. The will was apparently written by Robert Poage, and he and Jacob Conrad (who had also lived earlier in the Tulpehocken Valley) were the two witnesses. He signed his will as Adam Loch, although he is called Lough in the text.¹⁸ The widow Barbara last appears in the tax lists in 1810. She outlived her husband by some 20 years and died in June or July of the same year.
There has been an certain amount of confusion between the 12 children of Adam and Barbara and their 13 cousins (with many of the same given names) born to George and Mary Lough.¹⁹ Jeff Carr of Charlottesville, Virginia, has made an intensive study of the Loughs of the second generation in Virginia and has documented the following children of Adam Lough:

1. Mary (Anna Maria), born 1760-5. She married George Miller before her father's death and died after 1830 in Pendleton County.
2. Margaret. She married Jacob Sites of Hardy County on 4 February 1792 in Pendleton County.
3. Maria Elizabeth, born 18 March 1765. She married John Miller on 10 January 1792 in Pendleton County, and died there between 1810-20.
4. Susannah, born 1770-5. She had married George Sites of Hardy County by 1800.
5. Barbara, born 1765-75. She married George Greenwalt, Jr., in 1799 in Pendleton County.
6. Hannah, born 1775-84. She married Abraham Sites of Hardy County on 24 May 1802 in Pendleton County. She died there in the late winter or early spring of 1829.
7. Adam, the eldest son, born 1781. He married Elizabeth __ about 1799-1800, and had died in Pendleton County by May 1853.
8. Eve, born 1780-4. She married Daniel Sites on 2 September 1816 in Pendleton County, and died on 16 May 1838.
9. John, born 1782-3. He married Sarah Harpole by 1802-3. He and his two younger brothers George and Conrad served together in Captain James Cunningham's company in the War of 1812. A farmer, he is said to have died on 14 June 1853 in Pendleton County.²⁰
10. George, born 1785. He is called Senior in the muster roll of Captain Cunningham's company, no doubt to distinguish him from his cousin of the same name. He died, a bachelor, in the spring of 1854.
11. Elizabeth, born 1784-8. She married Abraham Sites on 4 June 1829.
12. Conrad, born 1788. He married (1) Catherine Mallow on 12 September 1809, and (2) Barbara Sites by 1816. He died in 1860.²¹

All of his sons stayed in Pendleton County. Adam, John, George, and Conrad Lough (aged 69, 68, 65 and 62) were all farming there in the 1850 census.

GEORGE LOCH [our ancestor]. No christening has been found for this man but he seems to have been born about 1750.²² According to descendants he served for four years and four months in the Revolutionary army "under Washington throughout the struggle for independence."²³ He can be safely identified with the George Lough who was a private in the Second Regiment of the Pennsylvania Continental Line. The records of the army raised in Pennsylvania were largely lost by fire soon after the war, but a few lists of irregular musters taken of the regiment survive.²⁴ From one of them we learn that George Lough was on active duty in May 1780 in the company lately commanded by Captain Jacob Ashmead, under Colonel Waiter Stewart.
George Lough was still with his company on the early night of 1 January 1781 when a New Year's celebration turned into a revolt by the Pennsylvania Line. It numbered about 2400 men and was about a quarter of Washington's entire army. Their mutiny has been blamed on Scotch-Irish who formed about two-thirds of the Line; the remaining third of the men of German descent were said to have been more docile. There can be no doubt that their grievances did represent a overt breach of a contract which had promised to furnish food, clothing and pay to the army. Instead the troops were starving, nearly naked, and paid with paper money that was as worthless as it was late. The Pennsylvania Line had enlisted for three years, but when a number of men who had served their three years called for their discharges they were not only refused but roughly handled and kept against their wishes for an additional year.²⁵

The Continental Congress and the Pennsylvania Council cooperated to set right their mistakes. The Pennsylvania Line was immediately disbanded, but the troops were furnished with clothes for their journey home. They also promised that the matter of back pay was to be settled with an adjustment for depreciation in the value of the currency. George Lough was one of those soldiers in the Continental Line who was entitled to depreciated pay, but his certificate was never redeemed and escheated to the state.²⁶

His service with the army lasting over four years (and correctly reported by his descendants) was over and he went back to Berks County. He was home later in 1781 when he was taxed £2.5.0d as a "single freeman" in Cumru Township where he either lived with, or near, his uncle John Bollman.²⁷

He and his intended wife Anna Maria Siehl were sponsors on 19 May 1782 at the baptism of Maria Sarah, a daughter of William Philipps and his unnamed wife at St. John's (Hain's) Church.²⁸ The marriage of the Loughs followed only six days later, on 25 May 1782, when she is called Maria Magdalena Siehl.²⁹ Johannes, the son of Georg Loch and his unnamed wife, was christened at the same church on 3 August 1783.³⁰ His wife's name is remembered by descendants as Mary Seal and is said to have been "1/2 Penn Dutch."³¹ The name of her mother is unknown, but Mary was probably the daughter of Edward Seal of English descent.³² The young couple left soon after for Shaver's Run in Pendleton County, probably in the fall of 1783.

He is found listed a few months later in the 1784 tax list of Rockingham County.³³ He and his adjacent older brother Adam are both called Hole by John Davis, the collector on the South Branch in what is now Pendleton County. The German loch does mean "hole" in English, but this is the only time that we have found them with this surname in Virginia. This list is also interesting as it gives the number of "white souls" found in every household. Adam Hole had ten, while the younger George had only four.³⁴

George Lough was named as Lieutenant in the Lower South Branch Company of the Pendleton County Militia, (serving under Captain James Skidmore) at the formation of the new county. His commission was probably an appointment owed to his long experience as an enlisted man in the Revolution. He had prospered by 1788 (if livestock can be considered as a measure of wealth) when he was taxed on eight horses, while his brother Adam possessed only two.³⁵

George Lough left Pendleton County soon after the 1810 census was taken.³⁶ He settled with a part of his sons in the Hacker Valley in what is now Webster (then Randolph) County, West Virginia. He died there shortly before 25 February 1818 when an appraisal was made of his estate. A vendue sale was held and Nicholas Gibson, the administrator, in his final account showed that the widow had taken away personal property appraised at $90.83 (including her coffee mill, a Dutch oven, a spinning wheel, and more). The entire estate totalled $306.55.³⁷ Before he died George Lough entered into an Articles of Agreement with his sons Philip and Edward Lough dated 26 September 1816 for the support of his wife Mary and himself. The sons were to have the land that their parents lived on. In return they were to pay the other heirs $40.00 each after his death at intervals of 18 months, beginning with the eldest and ending with the youngest.³⁸ This was not unlike the arrangement that his brother Adam had made for the benefit of his children. Mary Lough survived her husband for many years and is last noticed in December 1824 on the marriage bond of her daughter Elizabeth.

Jeff Carr, again using receipts from his heirs (which clearly shows that there were 13 children), tax lists, and marriage registers has produced a complete list of George Lough's family:

1. John, baptized 3 August 1783. He married (1) Hannah Smith on 30 July 1805 in Pendleton County, and (2) Elizabeth Legg on 14 October 1847 in Champaign County, Ohio. He sold his blacksmith's shop in Franklin, the county seat of Pendleton County, and moved before 1840 to Goshen Township in Champaign County where he died (still a blacksmith) in September 1852.
2. Margaret, born about 1785. She married (1) Nicholas Butcher, Jr., in 1805, and (2) Jacob McMahon on 26 August 1815 (from whom she had separated by 1830). She died in Pendleton County about 1834-40.
3. Adam, born 19 August 1788. A turner by trade, he married Mary Skidmore and died on 20 November 1854 in Braxton County, West Virginia.
4. George, born 1789. He married Catherine Heater on 21 February 1821 in Harrison County, West Virginia. They moved before 1850 to Clay County, Illinois, where he died (in adjoining Richland County) in November 1859 of palsy.
5. Eleanor, born about 1791. She married William Casebolt on 25 December 1816 in Harrison County.
6. Barbara, born about 1790-4. She married (1) Peter Smith on 10 August 1816, and (2) Benjamin Rains on 30 September 1833 in Pendleton County. They were enumerated there in the 1840 census, but were both dead in 1850.
7. Peter (Reverend), born 26 September 1793, a twin. He married Prudence Gibson on 25 December 1816 in Harrison County, a double ceremony with his sister Eleanor. He was a farmer at Boot Post Office in Clay County, Illinois, where he died on 16 April 1860. They are buried in the Wesley Methodist Cemetery on the border with Richland County.
8. Philip, born 26 September 1793, a twin. He married Sally Fisher on 9 August 1820 in Lewis County, West Virginia, where he was a blacksmith at Weston Post Office in 1860. He died there on Stanley Run on 4 April 1872.
9. Eve, born 9 June 1795. She married Jacob Gibson on 3 July 1817 in Lewis County, and went with him to Clay County, Illinois.
10. Mary (Mollie), born about 1797. She married James Skidmore, and died in Pendleton County in 1828.
11. Phoebe, born about 1800. She married William Sisk on 17 May 1825 in Lewis County. She was probably dead in 1840.
12. Edward, born about 1802. He was probably named for Edward Seal, his maternal grandfather. A young marksman, Edward Lough was paid in 1817 for wolf scalps brought into the Randolph County Court. He died unmarried in 1819 or 1820 in Lewis County.
13. Elizabeth, born 1804. She married Samuel Peyton Byrne on 21 January 1825 in Lewis County.³⁹

A final note. Jacob and Johannes Loch, aged 35 and 16, who came on the Friendship, seem to have settled in Tinicum Township, Bucks County, although the computed date of Jacob's birth (from a burial record) does not match up with his age on the passenger list of the Friendship. At the time of her death Jacob's second wife Anna Sybilla Loch (who he had married in Germany) is said to have been born at "Weyerbach in the Palatinate."⁴⁰ Jeff Cart identifies this with Weiersbach (hard by Wolfersweiler), and it appears that Jacob Loch's family came from that area as well.

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1. Peter Kline Kaylor, assisted by George Warren Chappelear, Abstract of Land Grant Surveys, 1761-1791, Rockingham County Historical Society, (Harrisonburg, 1938), 116. Henry Switzer (and Switzer's Meadows near Peaked Mountain) are mentioned in 1761. Kline is the nearest place found on modern maps.
2. Annette Kunselman Burgert, Eighteenth Century Emigrants from German-Speaking Lands to North America, Volume II, The Western Palatinate. The Pennsylvania German Society (1985) 59, 153, 223-4. The Baumholder Lutheran Parish register starts in 1701, and includes families living in Aulenbach and several other small villages in the area. This account is reprinted from Burgert's Pennsylvania Pioneers from Wolfersweiler Parish, Saarland, Germany (AKB Publications, 691 Weavertown Road, Myerstown, PA 17067-2642).
3. Ralph Beaver Strassburger, Pennsylvania German Pioneers: a publication of the early lists of arrivals in the port of Philadelphia from 1727 to 1808 (Norristown, 1934) I, 269. The Bollmans signed their names in German script, but Peter Lough made only an O as his mark. John Adam Bollman, reckoned as an adult, had been baptized at Baumholder on 6 April 1721.
4. Pennsylvania Archives, series III, volume 18, page 27.
5. The sponsor at his christening was John Bollman, presumably his uncle Johannes Bollman who was born on 17 May 1729 (Burgert, II 59). The only adult John Lough found in Pennsylvania in this period was born about 1750 and married Elizabeth Speedy on 13 April 1773 at Abington, Montgomery (then Philadelphia) County. He served in Captain Walter McKinney's company of Cumberland County Militia in 1781-2, and was buried in March 1816 in the Burnt Meeting House Cemetery in Grant District, Monongalia County, West Virginia. He is sometimes said to have been a son (which is unlikely) or a grandson (possible) of the Jacob Loch on the Friendship.
6. Another complication is the pronunciation of Lough. Apparently in early Berks County, and in Pendleton County down to date, the name rhymes with joke. In Lewis County, and no doubt elsewhere, descendants are known as low.
7. Four completely indexed volumes of transcripts by F. Edward Wright, Berks County church records of the 18th century, have lately been published by Family Line Publications of Westminster, Maryland. They were not available to Mrs. Hatter (who died in 1992), nor did she know about the Bollman connection in both Germany and Berks County. Interested readers should watch for later volumes in this series.
8. I am indebted to Lillian Lough Martz of Magnolia Springs, Alabama, for copies of Mrs. Hatter's seven reports. In the last of these (15 October 1981) she writes of the christening in 1765 that "While just now we have no PROOF this is the Adam Lough who appears in (now) Pendleton Co., there is a good chance that it is." She would be happy to know that her supposition was correct.
9. Pennsylvania Archives, III, 18, 97. Proprietory and state tax lists survive for Alsace Township for the years 1767, 1768, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1784, and 1785 and are reprinted here.
10. Burgert, 223.
11. Lyman Chalkley, Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia, III, 494. Both the Seyberts and the Mallows were old neighbors of the Loughs from the Tuplehocken Valley.
12. This is to be taken with some caution as Deer Run drains the eastern side of North Mountain and is a considerable distance from Shaver's Run. There is nothing to suggest that Adam Lough, Senior, ever lived on Deer Run. In the 1823 tax list James Skidmore owned two tracts of 166 and 40 acres on Reed's Creek (six miles north of the courthouse at Franklin) purchased from Adam Lough. In the same tax list Adam Lough, Junior, had 125 1/2 acres, and his brother John 12 1/2 acres at an unnamed place nine miles northeast of the courthouse. Isaac R. Lough reportedly still lives (1995) on Deer Run about 100 yards from the cave which is said to have been an early home of the family. The titles to these tracts have not been traced.
13. Chalkley, III, 127. Nicholas Harpole and Adam Lock were back in court on 19 March 1776 (Chalkley, I, 187) when John Oldham, who had married the widow Barbara Fultz, demanded counter security.
14. Kaylor, 73.
15. Kaylor, 83. Jeff Carr points out that this is an error on the survey; Shavers Run flows into the South Branch of the Potomac.
16. Allegheny Regional Ancestors, I (Winter 1992) 50.
17. In 1788, shortly before his death, be was taxed on two horses but his brother George (who had prospered) was taxed on eight horses.
18. Pendleton County Will Book I, page 6.
19. For the descendants of Adam Lough see also Oren F. Morton, A history of Pendleton County, West Virginia (1910), 251-2. The material published there is to be received with considerable caution; there is, for example, no evidence to support the marriage of a daughter Catherine to George Teter.
20. It seems likely that he died on 14 June 1852 since his will written in May 1852 was probated on 6 January 1853. His age at death (80 years, 5 months, 18 days as it appears on his tombstone) is also suspect. It seems most likely that the instructions given to the stonecutter (perhaps long after his death) were wrong. His wife Sarah is said to have been born on 6 May 1775 and died on 18 April 1858.
21. No marriage has been found for the Catherine Lough mentioned in her father's will. Catherine may have been the first or middle German name of one of the other daughters listed above. This list of the children of Adam Lough has been taken from the Pendleton County Order Book 6 (1808-14), 47; Will Book I, page 6; and the Personal Property Tax Lists (where the sons of the widow Barbara am identified as such in 1810 and 1811). Distinctions between cousins of the same name have been made using the census schedules and marriage registers of Pendleton, Harrison, and Lewis Counties.
22. The only information that we have as to his age is the 1810 census of Pendleton County where both he and his wife were listed as over 45, hence born before 1765.
23. Portrait and biographical records of Effingham, Jasper and Richland Counties, Illinois (Chicago, 1893) 457-9.
24. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, volume II, 837, 879; also IV, 119.
25. For the events of the New Year's night, see Rupert Hughes, George Washington, The Savior of the States 1777-1781 (New York, 1930), 590-4.
26. The cancelled certificates for depreciated pay are at the Pennsylvania State Library.
27. John Bollman, his uncle was a prosperous blacksmith in Cumru Township. He was buried at Hain's Church near Wernersville in Berks County where the date of his birth on his tombstone (born 17 May 1728, died November 1803) is off by a year according to the register of the Baumholder Reformed Church. In 1779 he was taxed 3,378 shillings (in the depreciated money of the day) on 300 acres, four horses and six cattle.
28. F. Edward Wright, Berks County church records of the 18th Century, Ill, 143. The sponsors were sometimes related to the parents, but we do not at present have any clue to suggest a kinship with William Philipps.
29. It is not possible to decide which was the correct form of her name as she was never called anything other than Mary or Polly in Virginia. Siehl (which is correct) has been transcribed elsewhere wrongly as Diehl.
30. Wright, III, 144. St. John's (Hain's) Reformed Church in Lower Heidelberg Township.
31. This fact, his Revolutionary service, a family tree, and some other miscellaneous notes written by Norman A. Lough (1852-1925) survive. They were apparently based on the recollections of his grandmother Prudence (Gibson) Lough who made her home with his parents after she was widowed in 1860. Mr. Lough was the City Attorney of Olney, Illinois, and later practiced law in Chicago. He died at Long Beach, California.
32. A cursory search in Berks and adjoining counties has not turned up a probate for Edward under any of the likely variants of his surname. Michael Mauer, son of the late Michael Mauer, married Elizabeth Siel, daughter of the late Edward Siel, on 24 July 1785. (Wright, III, 231.) Michael Mauer, doubtless the father, was taxed in Alsace Township in 1767. Siel and Siehl are presumably the way that the German pastors heard the English name Seal.
33. It is printed (in lieu of the lost census for Virginia) in Heads of Families at the First Census [of 1790] ... Virginia (1908), 77.
34. George Lough can not have had two children this early, which suggests that perhaps an aged mother or a sister came from Pennsylvania with him.
35. John W. Wayland, Virginia Valley Records (1965), 105.
36. George Lough, Sr., is last listed in the 1810 tax list of Pendleton County.
37. Randolph County Will Book II, 61-5.
38. lbid., 36-7.
39. In addition to the sources mentioned in the text see the Braxton County Deed Book I, pages 2, 28, 457, and the Nicholas County Deed Book III, pages 399, 469.
40. Rev. John Hinke, Kellers Lutheran Church Records (Bucks County Genealogical Society) 102. Mrs. Jacob Loch: "1768 - April 23, died Anna Sybilla Loch, born at Weyerbach in the Palatinate, September 28, 1693, buried April 24, 1765, age 74 years, 7 months, 4 days, left 7 children and 16 grandchildren." Earlier we find: "1753 - Jacob Loch, born at Weyerbach, township of Naumburg, in Baaden, in the year 1687, his age 66 years" a flat contradiction. The register of Fischbach (near Herrstein) is at Dusseldorf in the Archiv der Evangelischen Kirche im Rheinland, (and available at Salt Lake City on Family History Library reels 0489840-2). They include Weiersbach in the Rhineland-Palatinate, and christenings found there settle the contradiction. I am most grateful to Judy Cassidy of Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, for enlarged copies from the register and for much more information on the Loch family of Bucks County than has been possible to use here.

Dr. James Stell Coberly

We Loughs are descended from Dr. James Stell Coberly. Dr. Coberly’s great-granddaughter Lucinda married Philip Lough. This couple is our 3^rd great-grandparents.

This information comes from Joe Coberly of Early, Texas, a descendant of Martin Coberly, Dr. Stell's 9th son with Mary Ellen Pfaffenberg, who graciously shared it with me via email:

Family researchers have different theories on the origin of the family name. Coberly, Coberley, Cubberly, Cubberley. Some believe as I do that James Cubberly came from England, others believe that he came from France, still others believe he came from Germany

James Cubberly the patriarch of the Coberley family was born about 1690, coming to America sometime before the year 1714. When he was 28, He married Mary Stell Pearson, daughter of Robert Pearson and Catherine (Katrin) Stell, in 1716 in New Jersey, USA. On April 4, 1718, James purchased 350 acres in Nottingham Township, Burlington County, New Jersey. James ultimately owned more than 800 acres along the old Nottingham Township line. His land lay along the province line in old Nottingham Township, extending a mile and then reaching westward about a mile. (The purchase of his first 350 acres, referred to James Cubberly as a 'sailor'. Since no other reference to his being a sailor has been found, it may be simply that James signed onto the ship as a sailor - in order to fulfill his dream to get to America.)

James Cubberly was buried in White Horse, Mercer, New Jersey, USA (Pearson's Burying Grounds). He was employed as a Sailor / Farmer.

James Cubberly and Mary Stell Pearson had the following children:

1.            Thomas Cubberley was born 23 Sep 1717 in Burlington, New Jersey, USA. He died 16 Apr 1753 in Middlesex, New Jersey, USA.

2.            William Paul Cubberly was born 06 Feb 1720 in Burlington, New Jersey, USA. He died 09 May 1774 in Robbinsville, Mercer, New Jersey, USA.

3.            James Stell Coberly was born 12 Feb 1723 in Burlington, Burlington, New Jersey, USA. He died 24 Mar 1806 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA. He married Anne Mingling 31 Oct 1745 in Burlington, Burlington, New Jersey, USA. He married Mary Ellen Pfaffenberg Abt. 1772 in New Jersey, USA.

4.            John R. Cubberly was born 20 Jan 1724 in Hamilton, Mercer, New Jersey, USA. He died 1795 in Middlesex, New Jersey, USA. He married Lydia Rulon 1755.

5.            Isaac E. Cubberly was born 05 Aug 1725 in Burlington, New Jersey, USA. He died 05 Jun 1786 in Staten Island, Richmond, New York, USA. He married Ann Hooper 01 Dec 1749 in Middlesex, New Jersey, USA.

6.            Mary Cubberley was born 22 Aug 1728 in Burlington, New Jersey, USA. She died 1799 in Half-moon, Saratoga, New York, USA. She married Peter Groom 1750 in New Jersey, USA.

7.            Sarah Cubberley was born 07 Jul 1729 in Burlington, New Jersey, USA. She died 1747 in New Jersey, USA.

  

James Stell Coberly was born 12 Feb 1723 in Burlington, Burlington, New Jersey, USA as the third child of James Cubberly and Mary Stell Pearson. He had six siblings, namely: Thomas, William Paul, John R., Isaac E., Mary, and Sarah. He died 24 Mar 1806 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA. When he was 22, He married Anne Mingling 31 Oct 1745 in Burlington, Burlington, New Jersey, USA. When he was 48, He married Mary Ellen Pfaffenberg, daughter of Johann Georg Pfaffenberg and Anna Martha, Abt. 1772 in New Jersey, USA.

Military: (Revolutionary War, Physician / Surgeon) He was employed as a Physician / Surgeon.

James Stell Coberly and Anne Mingling had the following children:

1.            John Coberly was born 28 Aug 1755 in Elizabeth, Union, New Jersey, USA. He died 30 Nov 1823 in Madison, Ohio, USA.

2.            Job Coberley was born 1760 in Essex, New Jersey, USA. He died 1819 in Burlington, New Jersey, USA.

3.            Mary Coberly was born 30 Sep 1761 in Essex, New Jersey, USA. She died 29 Dec 1834 in Morgan, Scioto, Ohio, USA.

4.            Hannah Jane Coberly was born 25 Jun 1763 in New Jersey, USA. She died 29 Dec 1834 in Morgan, Scioto, Ohio, USA. She married John Dever 1785 in Wheeling, Ohio, West Virginia, USA.

James Stell Coberly and Mary Ellen Pfaffenberg had the following children:

1.            Thomas Coberly was born 28 Oct 1772 in Cacapon, Morgan, West Virginia, USA. He died 30 Nov 1823 in Madison, Ohio, USA. [Thomas was the father of Job, the father of Lucinda, the mother of James Randolph Lough, the father of Malinda Lough Garrett, the mother of James Carey Lough, the father of Daniel Henry Lough—and here we are!]

2.            Isaac Coberly was born 04 Sep 1773 in Cacapon, Morgan, West Virginia, USA. He died 1818 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA. He married Rebecca Bennett 1800.

3.            Levi Coberly was born 04 Sep 1773 in Cacapon, Morgan, West Virginia, USA. He died 12 Oct 1851 in Barbour, Orange, Virginia, USA. He married Margaret Cunningham 1795 in Virginia, USA.

4.            William Coberly was born 1775 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA. He died 1883 in Scioto, Ohio, USA.

5.            Phebe Coberly was born 1776 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA. She died 25 Aug 1839 in Raymond, Union, Ohio, USA. She married Caleb Orahood 1790 in Hardy, Bedford, Virginia, USA.

6.            Ozilla Coberly was born 1783 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA. She died 25 Jul 1827 in Marion, Ohio, USA.

7.            Sarah Coberly was born 1784 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA.

8.            George William Coberly was born 20 Feb 1788 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA. He died 11 Jul 1855 in Hancock, Illinois, USA. He married Sarah Bean 26 Mar 1811 in Hardy, Bedford, Virginia, USA. He married Matilda Lewis 13 Oct 1816 in Hardy, Bedford, Virginia, USA. He married Mary Ann Mathews 1829 in Hancock, Illinois, USA.

9.            Martin H Coberly was born 1790 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA. He died aft. 1860 in Rome, Jefferson, Illinois, USA. He married Sarah Skidmore 1810 in Randolph, West Virginia, USA. He married Mary Jane Tate 1834 in Nicholas, West Virginia, USA. He married Sarah Tate 18 Dec 1853 in Monroe, Illinois, USA.

10.         Joseph Coberly was born 1793 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA. He died 1870 in Kansas City, Jackson, Missouri, USA. He married Eleanor Jones 06 Feb 1818 in Hardy, Bedford, Virginia, USA.

11.         James Coberly was born 05 Mar 1803 in Hardy, West Virginia, USA. He died 22 Sep 1867 in Gilmer, West Virginia, USA. He married Lisha Jett 21 Aug 1803 in Hardy, Bedford, Virginia, USA

Waightstill Avery Montgomery and James Randolph Lough—Neighbors?

The census of 1900 shows Waightstill Montgomery (my Mom’s great-grandfather) living in Collin County, Texas, Precinct 2. His is the 244^th dwelling visited and the 251^st family in the order of the visits of the enumerator, James T. Lacy.

The same census shows James Lough (my Dad’s great-grandfather) living in the same county, same precinct, same enumerator. His is the 297^th dwelling visited and the 305^th family.

They may not have known each other—I can’t figure out how far apart they lived or how large the area was that James Lacy was visiting; but isn’t it fun to think that my Dad’s great-grandfather might have known my Mom’s great-grandfather? My Dad’s great-grandfather might have bought groceries or done blacksmithing or wagon business with my Mom’s great-grandfather!

Waightstill is buried in the Montgomery family cemetery southeast of Blue Ridge, TX. James is buried in the Old Liberty cemetery northeast of Farmersville, TX. They are buried about 6-8 miles apart.

One question is: where is Fayburg, where Waightstill and his son operated a mercantile? Fayburg is 2.5 miles south of Blue Ridge on Hwy. 78. The town was originally spelled “Fayburgh”, but the “h” was dropped 6 Nov 1893. There once was a post office there, but service was discontinued 15 May 1926 and delivery was only to Farmersville. The satellite photo of Fayburg on MapQuest shows that there is nothing left there.

Waightstill Avery Montgomery—Civil War Veteran

Waightstill is my 2^nd great-grandfather, the grandfather of my granddad, Carl Buford Gaines. This is his obituary:

The reaper - Death - took from our midst on March 30 at 3 o'clock p.m., our friend and neighbor, father and grandfather, Waightstill A. Montgomery. He was born in North Carolina in 1834, came to Texas in the early fifties, was married to Miss Mary E. Largent, 1858. To them were born eleven children, seven girls and four boys, who reside at the following places:

Mrs. B.D. Rodgers, W.A. Montgomery, Jr., Joe Montgomery, Mrs. Willie Drain, live near the old home place near Fayburg in East Collin. Mrs. Julie Bilderback, Hugh Montgomery, Mr. J.E. Gaines, live in and near Durant, Oklahoma. Mrs. Pennington resides in western Texas. Dudly Montgomery died at the age of 17 and two children died in infancy.

Uncle Waits, as he was commingly [sic] known, gave his service to the Texas Rangers during the civil war. After the war closed he settled 17 miles east of McKinney. In May 1897 he lost his wife, then he broke up housekeeping, bought property in Durant, Oklahoma where he was living at the time of his death, with his son Hugh Montgomery. His wife was a sister of Joseph E. Largent of McKinney and W.B. Largent, who dies [sic] some ten years ago, also of McKinney. He joined the Christian church in 1887, and lived a devoted Christian life to the end. His remains were layed [sic] to rest in the old family graveyard one and one-half miles east of Fayburg on April the first 1908. Since all must die, since the blood of Christ has cleansed our beloved father and grandfather, from all unrighteousness, and since there was awaiting him a home with the redeemed, we reverently submit to the will of the "I am that I am." (From Weekly Democrat-Gazette, Thursday, April 23, 1908)

Waightstill A. Montgomery, merchant and farmer, was born in Burke county, North Carolina, January 6, 1834, was reared on a farm and has been identified with agricultural pursuits all his life. His father was Allen Montgomery, a native of North Carolina, and was by trade a saddler; he married Miss Susan Largent, daughter of Elijah Largent, of North Carolina, and by her became the father of fourteen children, of whom Waightstill is the fifth.

Waightstill A. Montgomery, in addition to his knowledge of farming, learned the trades of blacksmith, wagon-maker, and saddle-tree maker, and worked at these until and after the outbreak of the late war, in conjunction with farming, his original vocation. In 1857 he came to Texas, and in 1858 married Miss Mary E. Largent, daughter of Marcus L. Largent, of North Carolina. In 1862 Mr. Montgomery enlisted in the Confederate army, under Captain John K. Bumpass, Company F, of Martin's regiment, and served in the Indian Territory and Texas until the end of the desperate struggle, when he returned to his home and resumed farming, which occupation he followed until 1886, when he went into mercantile business with his eldest son, William A. Montgomery. The warehouse of the firm is located near the home farm, adjacent to Fayburgh and is stored with a full stock of general merchandise, meeting the wants and tastes of the whole neighborhood. The children born to Waightstill A. Montgomery and wife were eleven in number of whom nine survive and are named - Susan, William A., Julia, Alice, Delia, Joseph, Lena, Dudley and Hugh. Mr. Montgomery is a member of the Grange and the Farmers' Alliance, and also a firm adherent of the Christian church.

(From Biographical Souvenir of the State of Texas - Containing Biographical Sketches of the Representative Public, and Many Early Settled Families - Chicago: F.A. Battey & Company – 1889)

The Confederate unit Waightstill enlisted in was a part of the 5^th Partisan Texas Rangers. This is a summary of their service, compiled by John Luther:

Tthe 5th Texas Partisan Rangers Cavalry Regiment, also called Martin's Regiment, so named for it's commander Col. Leonidas Martin. The 5th Texas Partisan Rangers were formed with a consolidation of the 9th and 10th Texas Cavalry Battalion at Fort Washita, Indian Territory.

On April 24, 1863 the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers were engaged near Webber Falls in the Indian Territory to repel an expected raid by Union Col. William Phillips.

In May 1863 the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers engaged in a skirmish near Fort Gibson, Indian Territory. They unsuccessfully attacked a Union supply train five miles from Fort Gibson. Many Confederate Indians were killed in the raid.

On July 17, 1863 the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers fought in the Battle of Honey Springs, in the Creek Nation, near the present day town of Muskogee, Oklahoma. The 5th Texas Partisan Rangers formed the Confederate center on the battlefield. During the battle their line was broken by a Union charge that occurred during a breakdown in communications in the Confederate command. Much of the gunpowder used by the Confederate force at Honey Springs was made in Mexico and of inferior quality. The damp, wet weather at Honey Springs caused the gunpowder to turn to paste which contributed to a Confederate defeat at the Battle of Honey Springs.

The Confederate Army was forced to retreat and scatter to find suitable grazing land for the cavalry mounts. Col. Martin and his troops were noted for their coolness during the retreat and Col. Martin's good management of the men.

On October 9, 1863 the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers were ordered to Bonham, Texas for service under General Henry McCulloch. They were ordered to round up deserters and bring order to the Northeast Texas area. Confederate General Sam Bell Maxey latter wrote that the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers were one of his best regiments and that Col. Martin was a good officer, too good in fact to be chasing deserters through the brush of Northeast Texas. Confederate General Henry McCulloch agreed and wrote that Col. Martin's men had done remarkable service considering the service they were ordered to do.

On November 10, 1863 the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers were placed in General Douglas H. Cooper's Brigade with Col. John Jumper's Seminole Battalion and Col. DeMorse's 29th Texas Cavalry.

On December 22, 1863 the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers were on furlough for Christmas. They were recalled and ordered to concentrate at McKinney and Pilot Grove to march to Gainesville, Texas to meet a threat of invasion by Kansas Jayhawkers and a small group of Union Cavalry troops. Although the Jayhawkers had entered Gainesville, they departed before the arrival of Col. Martin's men.

On March 21,1864 General Richard Gano took command of the brigade consisting of the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers. General Gano requested Col. Martin to report to him as to the state of arms possessed by the men of the regiment. On March 30, 1864 Col. Martin replied that 1/3 of his men were armed with shotguns, another 1/3 was armed with everything from squirrel rifles to mammoth Belgium rifles and the other 1/3 was completely unarmed.

In Richmond, Confederate President Jefferson Davis realized that the original enlistment for the Confederate States Army was nearing an end. He made a plea for all troops to re-enlist for the term of the war. Col. Leonidas Martin, commander of the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers made the following proclamation on behalf of his men in June 1864.

Whereas the 5th Cavalry, Texas Partisan Rangers, having re-enlisted for the war, in obedience to a call from our congress, the following resolutions expressive of their sentiments and feelings are adopted:

First. That we, the officers and men of Martin's Regiment, do most heartily and willingly tender our unanimous services and cordial support to our country in vigorously prosecuting the present war so long as the footprints of the vandal pollutes the soil of our beloved South, pledging ourselves never to sheathe the sword nor lay down the musket until sucess shall crown our efforts and an honorable peace be proclaimed throughout our land.

Second. That we esteem it a privilege and an honor to have the opportunity afforded us to thus make known to our friends at home that we still are determined to protect the sanctity of their homes, honor, lives, and property from the ruthless hirelings of the north, or sacrifice our lives upon the altar of our country; to our comrades in arms that we are resolved to stand by them as friend to friend in battling for the great and glorious cause for which they are so nobly contending.

Third. That we tender to our commanding officers our heary and cordial support in their efforts to drive the dastardly foe from our soil and in promoting the good and prosperity of our country. L. M. Martin Chairman/Geo. White Secretary.

General Sam Bell Maxey, commander of the Indian Territory added the following comments:

They breathe the right spirit. They show that desertion is not part of thr creed of these men. They pledge themselves, should occasion offer, to emulate the glorious heroes who from Virginia to New Mexico who have immortalized the Texas soldier. While Texans are upholding the honor and renown of their glorious state in this mighty struggle now going on - never before equaled in the world's history - what can be thought of the cowardly skulks who are now deserting their comrades and country, and of the equally low-down scuffs who uphold them in it? Let every soldier in the Indian Territory determine to be a man, and fight the thing out. Let desertion be a "stink ball" in the nostrils of every soldier.

S. B. Maxey Major General, Commanding.

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On the morning of July 27, 1864 the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers fought in the Battle of Massard's Prairie, 10 miles from Fort Smith, Arkansas. There they attacked Union General Thayer's outpost near the fort. The 5th Texas Partisan Rangers engaged the 6th Kansas Cavalry. The Kansas Cavalry troops were surprised by the attack. As a result it's horses were stampeded causing the Union Cavalry to fight dis-mounted. After a fighting retreat of a mile, the 6th Kansas Cavalry commander, Major David Mefford was unable to break the Confederate line and the 6th Kansas Cavalry surrendered.

On September 19, 1864 the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers participated in one of the most daring raids of the war, the Battle of Cabin Creek in the Indian Territory. In the early morning hours the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers, under General Richard Gano, waited in the timber on the Fort Scott road headed for Fort Gibson. At 2 a.m. the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers with the Confederate Indians under General Stand Watie attacked the Union wagon train. The wagon train was quickly surrounded by the Confederate force. General Gano used his artillery against the Union detachment guarding the supply train. Fearing reenforcements that might arrive the next day, General Gano's Texas Cavalry, with General Stand Watie's Confederate Indians drove in the Union right. The Union troops fled and left the million dollar supply train to the hungry, poorly clothed Confederate troops. General Gano said of his troops that they had marched 400 miles in 14 days and destroyed 1.5 million dollars in Union property that consisted of 225 wagons and $500,000.00 in U.S. currency. The Confederate Government in Richmond praised General Stand Watie and General Gano along with their troops for their noble raid.

On December 29, 1864 the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers were ordered to Bonham, Texas for temporary duty for General Henry McCulloch.

On February 26,1865 the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers were ordered to march for Marshall, Texas. When they arrived they were dis-mounted and told to prepare for a Union invasion force of 5,000 men that would strike the Texas coast from New Orleans. It was an invasion that would never come, as the war was almost at it's end. The following day the 5th Texas Partisan Rangers were consolidated into Gould's Brigade, also known as the 23rd Texas Cavalry due to the reduced numbers caused by death, disease, and desertion.

Sources

Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park Museum and Interpretation Center.

Official Records of the War Of The Rebellion of the Union and Confederate Armies.

General Stand Watie's Confederate Indians by Frank Cunningham

Civil War in the Western Choctaw Nation 1861-1865, the Atoka Historical Society.

Spoonemore Family History by Rick Gibson.

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Martin's Cavalry Regiment Col. Leonidas M. Martin's 5th TX Cav., Partisan Rangers

The Texas 5th Cavalry Regiment, Partisan Rangers was organized by the consolidation of the 9th Partisan Rangers Battalion and the 10th Cavalry Battalion in early 1863. The regiment came into Confederate service at Fort Washita, Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) on February 6, 1863 by Brigadier General Albert Pike. The regiment existed for two years and three months and participated in several skirmishes and battles primarily in Indian Territory. Dismounted in March 1865. Surrendered by General E.K. Smith, commanding Trans-Mississippi Department, on May 26, 1865.

Engagements

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Fort Gibson, Indian Territory (skirmish) May 1863
Honey Springs, Indian Territory July 17, 1863
Perryville, Indian Territory, (skirmish) August 26, 1863
Massard Prairie, near Fort Smith, Arkansas [detachment] July 27, 1864
Cabin Creek, Indian Territory September 19, 1864

Regimental Field and Staff

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First Commander:
Leonidas M. Martin (Colonel)
Field Officers:

William M. Weaver (Lieutenant Colonel)
William N. Mayrant (Major)

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Regimental Journal

February 6, 1863
The 5th Texas Calvary Partisan Rangers organized at Fort Washita, Indian Territory. The regiment was a consolidation of the 10th Texas Calvary Battalian and the 9th Texas Cavalry Battalian.

April-October 1863
Assigned to Cooper's Brigade, Steele's Division, District of Arkansas, Trans-Mississippi Department

May 1863
Fought skirmish at Fort Gibson, Indian Territory

July 17, 1863
Battle of Honey Springs, Indian Territory

August 26, 1863
Fought skirmish at Perryville, Indian Territory

October 1863-July 1864
Assigned to Indian Territory, Trans-Mississippi Department

July 1864
Assigned to the District of Indian Territory, Trans-Mississippi Department

July 27, 1864
Fought the Battle of Massard's Prairie, near Fort Smith, Arkansas

September 1864
Assigned to Gano's Brigade, Cooper's (Indian) Division, District of the Indian Territory, Trans-Mississippi Department

September 19, 1864
Battle of Cabin Creek, Indian Territory

September 1864-February
Assigned to the 5th (Gano's) Texas Cavalry Brigade, 2nd (Maxey's) Texas Cavalry Division, 1st Corps, Trans-Mississippi

February
Assigned to Northern Sub-district, District of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, Trans-Mississippi Department

February-April 1865
Assigned to 3rd Texas Infantry Brigade, 1st (Forney's) Texas Infantry Division, 1st Corps, Trans- Mississippi Department

April-May 1865
Assigned to Robertson's Brigade, Maxey's Division, District of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, Trans- Mississippi Department

May 26, 1865
Surrendered by General E.K. Smith, commanding Trans-Mississippi Department

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Bibliography
John C. Grady, Suffering to Silence
Harry M. Henderson, Texas in the Confederacy
Stewart Sifakis, Compendium of the Confederate Armies

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Original journal by:
Ronnie D. Rubit