This and $1.50 will get you a cup of coffee at McDonald’s ($25 at Starbuck’s).

We Loughs (David, Keith, Denise) are descended from the Gaines family through our mother, Hattie Esther Gaines Lough. The line goes like this: Hattie Esther, daughter of Carl Buford, son of James Emory, son of Henry Pendleton, son of Joseph Pendleton, son of William Prior, son of Joseph, son of James (II), son of Richard, son of James (I), son of Thomas, who is rumored to be descended from Daffyd Llewellyn, King of Wales.

The name "Gaines" seems to come from a Welsh name "Gam" that means "Squinty eyes". It evolved into Game and Games and then to Gaines.

(The remainder of this information comes from a genealogical publication about Arkansas families—but I can’t for the life of me remember where I ran across it on the Web! I must learn to take better notes! There is apparently some confusion about some of these families and who their descendants are, according to another article I read but can’t find again. Drat! But I’ll go with this until something more definitive comes along.)

Starting backward from Thomas Gaines, who emigrated about 1641 from Brecon, Wales, to Virginia. He is the great-great grandfather of President James Madison. (I don’t know what the lineage is.) Thomas was born in 1585 in Brecon, Wales and is the son of Sir John Gaines (1559-1606).

Thomas’ son James was born in 1620. According to a deed dated 7 May 1663 and a patent issued 2 March 1667, he lived in Rappahanock County, Virginia.

Richard Gaines, son of James, was born in New Kent County, Virginia (now King and Queen County) in 1670. He died 13 February 1755 in Culpeper County, Virginia. There is some confusion about his wife (or wives): Dorothy Kelley or Catherine Madison or Catherine Rawlins. Richard was father of: James, William Henry, Francis, Henry, Thomas, John, Richard, and Roger.

We are descended from James, born 18 January 1710 in Culpeper, Virginia. He died 10 March 1786 in Culpeper, Virginia. He married Mary Pendleton (this is where the Pendleton name comes from in our lineage) in 1731 in Culpeper County. I would love to have a look at both wills, James’ in Culpeper County, Mary’s in Madison County (which used to be Culpeper County). I wonder if they were well off—and this is why they didn’t move from this one spot in Virginia.

Mary is the daughter of Henry and Mary Bishop (Taylor) Pendleton III. She was born in 1717 in King and Queen County, Virginia and died in Madison County in 1803. Mary is supposedly descended from Charlemagne through her maternal line, Gregory. The Pendletons must be some sort of influential family all across the south. I wonder if Pendleton County, Virginia (now West Virginia), is named for them. This is where our Lough family migrates through on their way to Ohio.

James and Mary had 12 children: James (III), Rev. Henry Gaines (who migrated to South Carolina and died there in 1830), Richard Edward, Joseph, William, Francis, Thomas, Catherine, Mary, Sarah, and Isabella. Richard, Catherine, and Sarah married mates with the last name of Broaddus. That name will pop up a couple of generations later in the son of Joseph Pendleton Gaines, Thomas Broaddus. Are they all cousins or siblings? I need to do some research on the Broaddus family, just for fun. It might say a lot about the relationships families had in colonial Virginia. I think at least some of the Broaddus family migrates to Kentucky, which is also where Joseph Gaines and Francis Gaines go.  Thomas Gaines and the Rev. Henry Gaines moved to South Carolina.

James, by the way, may be a Revolutionary War Veteran. If he is, he would be in his late 60s. Maybe he was just tough. You never know about militias. Or maybe this is another James Gaines. Hard to tell.

Joseph Gaines, born in 1747, moved to Kentucky. That is about all the information I can find about him. I have found a “Joseph Gaines” who signed the Ten-Thousand Name Petition in Virginia in 1776. If this is the same Joseph, that might indicate that he moved to Kentucky after the Revolutionary War. That would be after Boone and others blaze the trail across the Blue Ridge into Kentucky. There is also a record from the Mason County, Kentucky, Marriage Abstracts, 12 August 1789, that lists Joseph Gaines as a bondsman in the marriage of George Headly. Since Joseph’s grandson (Joseph Pendleton Gaines) lives and died in Nicholas, KY, which is in Mason County, I think there is good reason to believe that this Joseph is our Joseph. So Joseph moved somewhere between 1776 and 1789.

My records show that Joseph married Lucinda J. Wheeler, having a son William Prior, born in 1775, (which means that Joseph and Lucinda were married in Virginia). Joseph died in Kentucky in 1803.  I assume this came from somebody’s family Bible. Information about Joseph and his son William Prior is scarce. It is possible that William did not go with his father to Kentucky until later (or ever), maybe moving to Kentucky to take over his father’s land after Joseph’s death (?). William’s son Joseph Pendleton is born in Virginia in 22 September 1802.

(Joseph is the last Gaines in our lineage to be mentioned in the Arkansas article.)