Edward Pedigo (Pediford)

Edward Pedigo (or Pediford) is my sixth great-grandfather. He was married to Hannah Elkins and they gave birth to a son Levi. Levi married Mary Newland and their daughter Elizabeth was married to William Pedigo Tanner, who is the grandfather of my Grandma Wescott (my great-grandmother). Ned Pedigo, as he was known, was born 24 December 1732 in Baltimore, Maryland. He died 26 April 1834 in Barren, Kentucky.

According to an application for membership to the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, filed by Norman Fine Lincoln of New Mexico, Ned served in the Revolution for three years. He had enlisted "for the war" and was granted a land warrant by the state of Virginia in recognition of his services.

According to the transcribed roll of "The U.S. Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783", Ned was a private his entire time in the war. He served first in the 7th Virginia Regiment, commanded by Capt. Charles Fleming; then he served in the 3rd and 7th Virginia Regiment, as well as the 5th and 11th regiments, under Capt. Henry Young. Since Norman Lincoln's application says that Ned served for three years, I assume that he left the Virginia Regiment about 1780. There is no record of the battles he participated in and that's a matter for further research.

The application also states that Ned had served in the French and Indian War. He was with Washington at the march on Fort Duquesne and was present at Braddock's defeat. He was one of only 30 Virginians who left that battlefield alive.

The French and Indian War was fought between 1754-1763, which would make Ned about 22 when the war began and about 31 when the war ended. Braddock's defeat occurred at the Monongahela River on 9 July 1755. There is no record of Ned's service and therefore no account of why he was serving with the British. He may have been some sort of scout; he may have served in a larger unit of Virginia militia.

According to the membership application, he lived in Patrick County, Virginia during the Revolutionary War. Patrick County is in the southeastern corner of the state of Virginia, almost in Kentucky. Ned must have migrated south from Baltimore which might put him near the Potomac River area where George Washington lived and this may explain why he was a member of the Virginians fighting the French and Indians.

You may note that Ned was 101 years old when he died. He is buried in the Pedigo-Neville-Genie Glass Cemetery, Randolph, Metcalfe County, Kentucky. This is near the town of Barren where records list that Ned died.

This and $1.50 will get you a cup of coffee at McDonald’s ($25 at Starbuck’s).

We Loughs (David, Keith, Denise) are descended from the Gaines family through our mother, Hattie Esther Gaines Lough. The line goes like this: Hattie Esther, daughter of Carl Buford, son of James Emory, son of Henry Pendleton, son of Joseph Pendleton, son of William Prior, son of Joseph, son of James (II), son of Richard, son of James (I), son of Thomas, who is rumored to be descended from Daffyd Llewellyn, King of Wales.

The name "Gaines" seems to come from a Welsh name "Gam" that means "Squinty eyes". It evolved into Game and Games and then to Gaines.

(The remainder of this information comes from a genealogical publication about Arkansas families—but I can’t for the life of me remember where I ran across it on the Web! I must learn to take better notes! There is apparently some confusion about some of these families and who their descendants are, according to another article I read but can’t find again. Drat! But I’ll go with this until something more definitive comes along.)

Starting backward from Thomas Gaines, who emigrated about 1641 from Brecon, Wales, to Virginia. He is the great-great grandfather of President James Madison. (I don’t know what the lineage is.) Thomas was born in 1585 in Brecon, Wales and is the son of Sir John Gaines (1559-1606).

Thomas’ son James was born in 1620. According to a deed dated 7 May 1663 and a patent issued 2 March 1667, he lived in Rappahanock County, Virginia.

Richard Gaines, son of James, was born in New Kent County, Virginia (now King and Queen County) in 1670. He died 13 February 1755 in Culpeper County, Virginia. There is some confusion about his wife (or wives): Dorothy Kelley or Catherine Madison or Catherine Rawlins. Richard was father of: James, William Henry, Francis, Henry, Thomas, John, Richard, and Roger.

We are descended from James, born 18 January 1710 in Culpeper, Virginia. He died 10 March 1786 in Culpeper, Virginia. He married Mary Pendleton (this is where the Pendleton name comes from in our lineage) in 1731 in Culpeper County. I would love to have a look at both wills, James’ in Culpeper County, Mary’s in Madison County (which used to be Culpeper County). I wonder if they were well off—and this is why they didn’t move from this one spot in Virginia.

Mary is the daughter of Henry and Mary Bishop (Taylor) Pendleton III. She was born in 1717 in King and Queen County, Virginia and died in Madison County in 1803. Mary is supposedly descended from Charlemagne through her maternal line, Gregory. The Pendletons must be some sort of influential family all across the south. I wonder if Pendleton County, Virginia (now West Virginia), is named for them. This is where our Lough family migrates through on their way to Ohio.

James and Mary had 12 children: James (III), Rev. Henry Gaines (who migrated to South Carolina and died there in 1830), Richard Edward, Joseph, William, Francis, Thomas, Catherine, Mary, Sarah, and Isabella. Richard, Catherine, and Sarah married mates with the last name of Broaddus. That name will pop up a couple of generations later in the son of Joseph Pendleton Gaines, Thomas Broaddus. Are they all cousins or siblings? I need to do some research on the Broaddus family, just for fun. It might say a lot about the relationships families had in colonial Virginia. I think at least some of the Broaddus family migrates to Kentucky, which is also where Joseph Gaines and Francis Gaines go.  Thomas Gaines and the Rev. Henry Gaines moved to South Carolina.

James, by the way, may be a Revolutionary War Veteran. If he is, he would be in his late 60s. Maybe he was just tough. You never know about militias. Or maybe this is another James Gaines. Hard to tell.

Joseph Gaines, born in 1747, moved to Kentucky. That is about all the information I can find about him. I have found a “Joseph Gaines” who signed the Ten-Thousand Name Petition in Virginia in 1776. If this is the same Joseph, that might indicate that he moved to Kentucky after the Revolutionary War. That would be after Boone and others blaze the trail across the Blue Ridge into Kentucky. There is also a record from the Mason County, Kentucky, Marriage Abstracts, 12 August 1789, that lists Joseph Gaines as a bondsman in the marriage of George Headly. Since Joseph’s grandson (Joseph Pendleton Gaines) lives and died in Nicholas, KY, which is in Mason County, I think there is good reason to believe that this Joseph is our Joseph. So Joseph moved somewhere between 1776 and 1789.

My records show that Joseph married Lucinda J. Wheeler, having a son William Prior, born in 1775, (which means that Joseph and Lucinda were married in Virginia). Joseph died in Kentucky in 1803.  I assume this came from somebody’s family Bible. Information about Joseph and his son William Prior is scarce. It is possible that William did not go with his father to Kentucky until later (or ever), maybe moving to Kentucky to take over his father’s land after Joseph’s death (?). William’s son Joseph Pendleton is born in Virginia in 22 September 1802.

(Joseph is the last Gaines in our lineage to be mentioned in the Arkansas article.)

Lough Family Pictures

Surprises await around every corner! After a long search for my great-grandmother's identity, I found out that all I had to do was ask Aunt Lois. And she even had pictures! So here are a group of pictures with various people: Charles and Linnie Garrett (my great-grandmother--Jim's mother--and her husband); Jim and Susan Lough (grandparents); Dan and Lois (my Dad and Aunt); E. O. and Annie Wescott (my great-grandparents on Susan's side); and Jessie (Jim's half-sister) and Edna Garrett (Charles O's daughter).

Linnie Lough
(Unknown date)

Malinda E. Lough (don't know what the "E" stood for) was born in September 1882 somewhere in the neighborhood of Farmersville, Texas. Her father, J. R. Lough, had bought a tract of land on Pilot Grove Creek in 1878 and that is probably where Linnie was born. She was still living with her family in that area in the census of 1900.

James and Linnie Lough
(Son and Mother)

Linnie had a son (out of wedlock), James Carey Lough, on 12 March 1902. Whether she was living at home or somewhere else I don't know, but somewhere along in here she moved to Fort Worth. In 1907 she lived in a boarding house run by Miss Eugene Carroll at 205 1/2 West Weatherford (downtown Fort Worth). She worked as a cook at a sanitarium overseen by Carrie Webster, a nurse, in 1910. This sanitarium was on 8th Avenue, near where the Baylor Hospital is today. In 1908, she had given birth to a daughter named Jessie, again out of wedlock.

Jessie, Edna, James, Linnie

Charlie, James, Linnie, Edna, Jessie, Susan

(Jessie is listed in the 1910 census as "Jessie Lough". We--Aunt Lois and I--think that Jessie's last name was Robinson when she died. Jessie was listed as a "boarder"--at the age of 2--with Charley and May Denson, who I think are friends of Linnie, in 1910, Fort Worth. The Denson's also have another boarder living with them, John Thomason, Charley's 21-year-old brother-in-law, who is a laborer at the packing house in Fort Worth. I can't help but speculate on John's relation to Linnie and Jessie, although it would be completely natural for him to live with his in-laws at the same time as little Jesse needed a home. I find it interesting that Charley Denson is a carpenter at the Packing House, which is eventually what Charles Garrett will do for a living. One wonders if the Densons are the way Linnie and Charles Garrett are introduced to each other.)

Charles O. and Linnie Garrett

When she was about 34 (1917), Linnie married Charles Ora Garrett. Charlie had been married before (divorced) and had a daughter, Edna. The Garretts turn up in Morris, Oklahoma, in September 1918, according to Charlie's draft card. He is an "oil worker." Of course, there is no record of Jim being with them, but this may have been the way Jim Lough gets to Oklahoma and begins his work in the oil fields. (According to the Fort Worth Phone Directory, Jim was living with Charlie and Linnie in 1918.)

Charlie and Linnie Garrett

Annie and E. O. Wescott, Dan, Susan, Lois, Linnie

In 1930, Linnie and Charlie make their home at 2624 Gould Avenue in Fort Worth, a house that still stands at the end of Gould Ave. She died 31 May 1946 and is buried at Laurel Land Cemetery in south Fort Worth.

Charlie Garrett with unidentified children
The house on Gould avenue is in the background.

Fort Worth in the early 1900s.

I thought it would be interesting to see how Fort Worth looked during the time my Great-grandmother, Linnie Lough, lived there in 1907. She lived in a boarding house at 205 ½ W. Weatherford, run by Miss Eugene Carroll. This address is fairly close to where Houston Street intersects Weatherford in what is now downtown Fort Worth. There are plenty of pictures posted on the internet of this area of Fort Worth around this time.

This store would have been right down the street from where Linnie boarded.

The Ellison Building would have been about 2 blocks from where Linnie lived; I’m sure she would have been familiar with the Western National Bank and the Moore Building, that were both within 10 blocks of her boarding house.

This hospital was either next-door or very near (within a couple of houses of) the “sanitarium” where Linnie worked in 1910. 

If you want to look at more, click this link: A history of Fort Worth in pictures.

More about Waightstill Avery Montgomery

Photocopy of a photocopy
W. A., Mary, and Hugh
Montgomery

(This information was found in Collin County Families, in an article written by James Ray Montgomery, W.A. Montgomery’s great-grandson.)

Waightstill Avery Montgomery left Burke, North Carolina, in 1857. He was 23. He left North Carolina because the best farmland had been taken and he could buy land in Texas at low prices.

Frying Pan Ranch
--upon which at least a part
of the Montgomery family farm was located

Waightstill settled near his relatives, the Largents, east of Pot Rack Creek (south of Blue Ridge). He married Mary Elizabeth Largent on 6 September 1858 and raised eleven children there.

After the Civil War (see the post Waightstill Avery Montgomery—Civil War Veteran), he resumed farming until 1886. He and his eldest son, William (Billy), opened a mercantile store in Fayburgh. (My granddad Carl Buford Gaines was born in “Fayburg”. That probably means he was born on the farm just a couple of miles east of Fayburg. This article also reveals that Carl Buford's nickname was "Tom".)

Montgomery Family Cemetery

Mary died 6 May 1897 (she is buried in the Montgomery Family cemetery). Waightstill moved to Durant, Indian Territory, where he owned some lots. He helped lay out some of the town sites. (My question about this is: did he go to Durant and then have his family follow him there, or did he follow his family there? Several of his children were living in the Durant area when he died. And my mother and her sisters were born in this area, Bryan County: Lillie and Bonnie in Kemp, Helen and Esther—Mom—in Albany.)

James Montgomery relates that Waightstill like to get maps and go treasure hunting, looking for gold that had been buried during the Civil War.

Waightstill's and Mary's
monument

Waightstill died 30 March 1908 at his daughter’s home in Durant. “He was returned by wagon to the farm near Fayburgh, a trip of about seventy miles over very bad roads.” He was buried in the Montgomery Family cemetery, beside Mary, two daughters (Martha and Mary) and his son Dudley, all of whom died before he did.

[Fayburgh was a community south of Blue Ridge, named by a Captain Bristol when he applied for a Post Office. He named it after his daughter, Fay. The Post Office was established 4 Mar 1884. The spelling of the town was changed to Fayburg, 6 Nov 1893. The Post Office was discontinued on 15 May 1926 and Fayburg disappeared.]

The sadness of headstones

W. A. and Elizabeth
Montgomery's monument

That's me--
self-consciously

I don’t know why finding the graves of my ancestors is so fulfilling. Perhaps there is a connection established that says, “This is partly who I am.” Standing in the Montgomery Family cemetery south of Blue Ridge was a moving experience for me. The cemetery is almost ruined; the headstones are weathered almost beyond recognition; thorns are growing so thickly that one can barely walk through them; trees are rotting and falling over into the fenced-off plot. (If someone doesn’t clean it up soon—and keep it relatively clean—I am afraid the owners of the land will soon decide to sweep away the fence and plow it under.) Nevertheless, I straightened up the monument that marked the graves of my great-great-grandfather and my great-great-grandmother (Waightstill Avery and Elizabeth Montgomery) and ran my fingers over the letter cut into the weathered rock. It was almost as though I could feel their living presence.

Old Liberty Cemetery

You can imagine the disappointment I felt when I came to the Old Liberty cemetery north of Farmersville. It is a beautiful old graveyard, with green grass and shady trees. However, out of over 150 graves, only about 30 of them have headstones remaining on them. Some of them have fallen over and were broken; others were shattered by vandals; others were probably never marked or marked only by wooden crosses. I know that my great-great-great-uncle, Drayton Lough, was buried here, but no evidence of his grave remains. I suspect that my great-great-grandfather and –mother, J. R. and Mattie Lough, were buried here, but neither proof nor monuments exist. I felt rather sad at losing them—as though they had recently died.

I tried to imagine all the reasons their graves might not have been marked. Perhaps they were simply too poor to afford a decorated headstone. Perhaps there was no one left in the area when they died to mark their graves. (J. J. and Drayton, their sons, were both dead; Lexenia has no doubt left home; Lennie is still in the area—I think—but I wonder what her relationship is with her father after the births of two illegitimate children…) J. R. had remarried the year before he died, to Emma Bradberry, but who knows whether she was in good enough health—or wealthy enough—to mark his grave?

Linnie and Charles Garrett's graves

If that was sad enough, I was particularly struck when I sought the grave of my great-grandmother Linnie and her husband Charles Garrett. The Laurel Land Funeral Home had records that showed both of them were buried in Section 10, Lot 141, graves 1 & 2. I found the graves without much trouble. On one side is buried a Catholic priest; on the other another Catholic priest. Both of these graves had headstones. But the grave of my great-grandmother and her husband was only grassed over.

I wondered why? Too poor to afford headstones when Linnie died? Was Charles too ill to worry about that sort of thing? Were their families alienated from them and no one cared to put up monuments? (Charles was divorced, with one daughter, who might not have been well-disposed toward her father; similarly Linnie’s children were both born out-of-wedlock and may not have desired to oversee the setting of gravestones.) I almost cried at the loneliness of it all; not that one is less significant without grave markers, but there is a sort of loss at looking at these other graves, all with monuments, and these without.

I am, by the way, intending to set a gravestone on the graves of Linnie and Charles, as soon as I save the money: $1331. If anyone else wants to go in on it with me, you would be welcome.

Research on James Randolph Lough

I learned a ton from my day or so in Collin County searching for our roots. The McKinney library is a great place to do research. I wish every library was that well equipped!

1. J. R. Lough: I think that James Randolph must have gone by “J. R.”. This is the way his name is consistently used on all his legal documents. Of course, he could always have been referred to as “James” or “Jim”, “Jimmie” or even “Randy”, but the way his initials were used on tax records, in the deed I found, and on his marriage license makes me think that he went solely by his initials, “J. R.”

2. When and why J. R. came to Collin County: I can find no record of J. R. in Collin County before 1877, when he married Mattie McCown (or “McCowan”). His first appearance on the Collin County tax rolls was also in 1877. He bought land from Walter and Margaret Yeary on Pilot Grove Creek in 1878. From then on, he farms on a 40-acre plot until his death in 1918. (I don’t know where that farm is.) J. R. probably came to Collin County in the 1870s as a result of the completion of several railroads into the area. I have no information about him between 1860, when he is living in Jefferson, Indiana, with his parents, and 1877, when he appears in Collin County.

3. J. R.’s and Mattie’s marriage: they were married in Collin County sometime after 28 August 1877. This is when the license is issued; there is no date filled in by the minister when he married them. The minister’s name is Benjamin Watson. He is the pastor of the Bethlehem Baptist Church, which is southeast of Blue Ridge. Were J. R. and Mattie members of this church? (It would be interesting to find out if there are any membership records for the Bethlehem Baptist Church.)

J. J., their first son, was born a couple of years later in 1879. In the 1880 Federal Census, J. J. is listed as suffering from “appoplexy”. It is difficult to know what this means. Historically it meant a stroke or some sort of ailment from which one simply drops dead without warning. Maybe J. J. was subject to fainting fits of some sort. Since “apoplexy” also means “being enraged or excited”, maybe the baby had periodic spasms, perhaps epileptic fits or some other type of seizure.

4. Where did J. R. and Mattie live: In 1878 J. R. purchased 6 acres of land from Walter and Margaret Yeary. That land was on Pilot Grove Creek; it originally belonged to T. C. Bean. Pilot Grove Creek is to the southwest of Blue Ridge and to the northwest of Farmersville. “T. C. Bean” is “Thomas Bean”, a resident of Bonham who was a surveyor who donated land in southeastern Grayson County for the construction of the St. Louis Southwestern Railway. The town of Tom Bean grew up on that land. Pilot Grove Creek runs south from around Tom Bean to Lavon Lake, about 10-20 miles. I figure J. R. wanted land along the creek for access to water; maybe he wanted it to build a home on.

Drayton Lough is buried in the Old Liberty Cemetery. I don’t know for sure where J. R. and Mattie are buried, but I would think J. R. would have buried his son somewhere near his home and probably in the same cemetery he had buried his wife a few years before. (I don’t have a death certificate for Mattie Lough—that might tell where she was buried.) Old Liberty is just north of Farmersville, about 4-5 miles east of Pilot Grove Creek. Perhaps Drayton had gone to the Old Liberty school. (Interestingly, for us Church of Christ people, Old Liberty was the site of one of the oldest Restorationist churches in Texas, established in 1845 by J. B. Wilmeth and descendants of Collin McKinney.)

The Bethlehem Baptist Church, where J. R. and Mattie were probably married, is only a little farther north and east of Old Liberty, a couple or three miles.

My inexperience with tax records and deed records and a general failure to take good notes buffaloes me right here. Collin Country tax records have a slot for “grantor”—which I take to be the person who originally sold the land another person owns. In 1897, J. R. lives on land for which the “grantor” is Mrs. E. C. Cameron. This may show that J. R. had moved to a different farm between 1878 and 1897. (I ran out of time for the research on tax and deed records.)

5. Other interesting things about J. R.: J. R.’s death certificate is a wealth of absorbing and contradictory information. He died on 24 February 1918 at 1 p.m. of “influenza and acute cystitus”, according to Dr. J. B. Wright, the attendant physician. Dr. Wright had treated J. R. for 4 days. He also says that J. R. had been suffering from “neprhitis calculis(?)” for the past 3 years and 2 months. I figure his kidneys were failing. This problem was a contributing factor to his death.

The person who provided the demographic information on J. R.’s death certificate is Dr. Wright. This may indicate that the Loughs had moved into Farmersville before J. R.’s death—or that J. R. was living in some sort of nursing facility. What is funny is that he gives J. R.’s date of birth as 30 February 1852 (J. R. was born in October 1846); he says that J. R. was born in Michigan (he was born in Ohio); he gives J. R.’s father’s birthplace as Michigan; he says that J. R.’s mother’s name was Jefferson (born in Michigan—her name was Coberly and was born in Ohio). It is evident where “Jefferson” comes from—that was J. R.’s place of residence in 1860 before he moved to Texas. But where the rest of the information comes from, I don’t know. Perhaps J. R. suffered from some sort of dementia and gave confusing information to his doctor.

What is truly funny is that J. R.’s age at the time of his death is “76 years and 4 months”. If he WAS born in 1852, that would make him 66; so you can see how this might happen—a mistake of a round 10 years. J. R. was actually 71 when he died.

The Lough Family—Across the Country

Nearly every family in the United States migrates across America. The Lough family is no different. From origins in Germany, we came across to Pennsylvania, pioneered in Virginia, into the Northwest Territory (by then the states of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois), to Texas, to Oklahoma, to Oregon, to New Mexico, and back to Texas. We’ve put a lot of miles on our moccasins.

Johan Peter Loch and his small family moved from the Palatinate in Germany in 1739 to Philadelphia, PA, migrating on the ship The Loyal Judith. He moved to the Tulpehocken Valley in Pennsylvania, where a large number of German immigrants lived.

In 1783, after his service in the Continental Army, George Lough moved his family to Pendleton County, Virginia, a trip of about 275 miles. He moved to the Hacker Valley in Virginia a short time later (100 miles, across the mountains). This part of the state became central West Virginia during the Civil War.

George’s son John settled in Champaign, Ohio, during his lifetime (about 300 miles from Hacker Valley). Philip, son of John, remained in Ohio until at least 1860, when he has moved to Jefferson, Indiana (200 miles). He remained in Clinton County for the rest of his life.

Sometime after the Civil War, James Randolph moved to Texas. He married Mattie McCown in Collin County, Texas, farmed in Farmersville, and died there in 1918. He came by one of two routes: from Indiana through Missouri, down through either the Indian Nations or through Arkansas and into Texas. It is possible that he came down the Mississippi River into Arkansas and crossed into Texas from there. A lot of Tennesseans migrated to Texas along this route. Either way, it was quite a trip, about 1000 miles.

His daughter Malinda, or Linnie (Isn’t that a coincidence, since most everyone insists on calling my wife Lynette “Linnie”?) was probably born in Farmersville. She later moved to Fort Worth, made a short stay in Oklahoma after (maybe before) her marriage to Charles Garrett (Charlie’s WWI draft card shows they lived in Morris), and returned to Fort Worth, where she died in 1946.

James Carey Lough, Linnie’s son, was raised in Farmersville, TX, and later, when he was 16, moved to Fort Worth. After living there, he moved to Oklahoma, where he met and married his wife Susie in Bristow in 1924. The family lived in Brown, Oklahoma, according to the 1930 Federal Census. Jim Lough died in Wewoka in 1949.

Jim’s son Dan (my Dad) began in Wewoka, where he married Esther Gaines in 1951. They moved to Curtin, Oregon, then back to Oklahoma. When Dad was drafted, he lived in Camp Chafee, Arkansas, and Fort Sill/Lawton, Oklahoma. After his release from the Army, he returned to Cromwell, OK, then made his way to Maljamar, New Mexico, then to Hobbs, then to Lovington. After retiring, he moved to Bandera, Texas. And he now lives in Corpus Christi, Texas.

Then there's me, who began at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, to Cromwell, to Maljamar, to Hobbs, to Lovington, to Las Cruces, NM, to Laramie, Wyoming, to Clifton and Morenci, Arizona. Then to Sweetwater, Texas, back to Fort Sumner, NM, then to Abilene, TX, to Aspermont, to Early, and now in Canyon, TX.

Joseph R. Lough, brother of James Randolph Lough

James Randolph Lough was my great-great-grandfather. Joseph was (must have been) James’ twin brother. They were both born in 1846 in Ohio and, based on the similarity of names, they were probably twins. I can’t find a specific birth date or birth place for either of them. And, I can’t find a name to fit the middle initial of Joseph.

Joseph was the son of Philip and Lucinda Lough. (My records are complete in disarray about the marriages of Philip and the births of his children. I show three wives and children by each wife. However, some of the children by each wife are born in years that intersperse with children from other wives. More research is needed, of course, to straighten out this chaos.)

In 1860, Joseph and James are living in Jefferson, Indiana, with their parents (Lucinda is the mom) and three younger siblings: Elijah, Martha, and Laura. He was still living there in 1863 when, on December 16, he enlisted in the Federal army. He was a private in Company F, 44^th Indiana Infantry. He was 17 years old.

The 44^th Indiana Infantry was a unit with a long record of service in the Federal army. It was organized at Fort Wayne, IN, on 24 October 1861. These men fought on both days (April 6 and 7) at Shiloh, suffering 33 killed and 177 wounded. They continued in service throughout the western war, fighting at Forts Henry and Donelson, Corinth, MS, Perryville, KY, Stones River, TN, Chickamauga, and Missionary Ridge.

The 44^th was sent back Tullahoma, TN, and served on provost duty (probably guarding the railroad) until September 1864. They returned to Chattanooga on 15 October and served on provost duty until they were mustered out of the service 14 September 1865. It is probable, then, that Joseph served as a guard from his enlistment until his discharge.

In 1870, Joseph was living with the P. W. Raines family in Avoca, IL, working as a farm laborer. His Soldier’s Home papers say that he lived in Quincy, IL, subsequent to his discharge. In 1880, he lives in Fairbury, IL, with his wife Hester and his 8-year-old daughter Luella. Interestingly, this census record lists Joseph’s place of birth as Indiana, as well as his father’s (who was born in Virginia—now West Virginia) and mother’s (who was born in Ohio).

From 1886 on, Joseph shuttled from one soldier’s nursing home to another. On 15 December 1886 he was admitted to the U.S. National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers in Leavenworth, KS. His disability is the loss of a hand, which occurred on 18 November 1881 in Fairbury, IL. His military record says he was a carpenter after his discharge, which might account for the way he lost his hand. However, another record seems to indicate that he contracted “lung disease” in Aug 1865. His cause of death is “pulmonary tuberculosis; chronic enboitis (?)” This may be one reason Joseph seems to be moved from one home to another, seeking treatment for a very difficult lung disease.

Here are his movements, according to records from the “U.S. National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 1866-1938” and a 1910 census record:

7/26/86 (or 12/15/86), admitted to the Western Branch (Leavenworth, KS);

10/6/92, discharged.

2/16/93, readmitted to the Western Branch (Leavenworth, KS);

7/21/97, discharged and “dropped at request” (whatever that means);

5/28/98, admitted to the Marion Branch (Marion, IN);

9/1/00, transferred to the Western Branch (Leavenworth, KS);

12/5/03, transferred to the Danville Branch (Danville, IL);

10/21/04, transferred to the Mountain Branch (Johnson City, TN);

1/9/09, he is released from the Mountain Branch;

Sometime in here he was readmitted to the Western Branch (Leavenworth, KS). Though there is no record in the National Soldier’s records, the Federal Census of 1910 records him living at the National Soldier’s Home in Leavenworth, KS.

8/31/10, admitted to the Northwest Branch (Milwaukee, WI). Joseph died at the home in Milwaukee, 2/16/14. He was 68 years old. He is buried in the Wood National Cemetery, Milwaukee, WI.

As one might expect, Joseph’s health continually degraded as he grew older. It is unclear what the original complaint was that disabled him so that he entered the Soldier’s Home system. His first record shows that he lost his left hand in 1881. A subsequent record, though, seems to indicate that he was diagnosed with some sort of lung disease during the last month of his Army service. The record from the Milwaukee home indicates Joseph suffered from “arterio sclerosis, chronic (alcoholism?), rheumatism, loss of left hand, asthmatic, hypertrophy of prostate, varicose veins in left leg.” At least his “mental condition appears normal.”

IF, IF, IF, IF Joseph was an alcoholic (and that is not clear from the hard-to-read entry on the ledger), that might explain his “in-and-out” of so many of these homes, as well as his ultimate divorce from Hester. At least as early as 1898 Joseph is categorized as “Divorced (single)” in Soldier’s Homes records. The Federal Census of 1910 notes that he is divorced. Interestingly, when Hester Lough shows up in the Federal Census of 1900, she lives in Indian Grove, IL, with her son, Frederick (who is 19 at the time)—and she says she is “widowed”. The same thing occurs in the census of 1910, when she lives in Fairbury Ward 3, Livingston County, IL, and is still calling herself a widow. Who knows what pain and shame they might both have experienced in their later relationship, as Joseph was disabled and became more and more ill?

THE LOUGH FAMILY OF PENDLETON COUNTY

Our Lough family is descended from the family of John Peter Lough, an immigrant from Germany. His son, George Peter, a Revolutionary War veteran is our line of descent. This family moved from Pennsylvania, into what is now West Virginia, to Ohio, to Indiana and Illinois, to Texas, then to Oklahoma. This information was compiled  by Warren Skidmore on his site: http://pages.swcp.com/~dhickman/journals/V5I3/lough.html.

 The search for the family of Adam and George Lough starts on Switzers Gap Run in Pendleton County where Adam, a native of Germany, had settled by 1769. Some 17 years later Adam had an additional 138 acres surveyed there, and his younger brother George acquired his first tract of 68 acres at the same time. Both surveys were done on 16 February 1786.¹ Elsewhere we learn that these tracts were on Shavers Run which heads up in Hardy County, runs in a southerly direction through Mill Creek District of Pendleton County, and drains into the South Branch of the Potomac. Adam Lough had been in Virginia for many years, but George Lough had stayed behind in Berks County, Pennsylvania, where he served throughout the Revolution in the Pennsylvania Line. Now that the Loughs have a solid footing in Virginia let us go back to their beginnings:

JOHANN PETER LOCH, a shoemaker at the time of his marriage, was christened on 23 February 1710 at Wolfersweiler in Saarland, a son of Johann Loch and his wife Maria Elizabeth, according to the Kirchen-buch of that place. When grown he made his way a few kilometers east to Baumholder in the Rhineland-Palatinate, now (and no doubt then) a larger place with greater opportunities. He married Eve Elizabetha Bollman there on 3 July 1736. She was born on 29 November 1718 at Aulenbach in Baumholder, a daughter of Johann Nickel and Anna Ursula (Hammen) Bollman who had married at Baumholder on 20 February 1716.² Peter Lough and his father-in-law Johan Nickell Bollman came to Philadelphia in the Loyal Judith in 1739.

The Loyal Judith was one of a convoy of three ships which crossed the Atlantic together and docked at Philadelphia on the same day. The other two ships were the Robert and Alice, and the Friendship. There was another family of Lochs, cousins from Weiersbach (which is within spitting distance of Wolfersweiler), on board the Friendship. They will be noticed later. The men aged 16 years and over (including Loch's eldest brother-in-law John Adam Bollman, now 18) qualified at the courthouse on 3 September 1739. Their allegiance was certified by Edward Paynter, master of the Loyal Judith.³

Peter Lough had settled by 1745 in the Tulpehocken Valley where two of his younger children were christened. He later acquired 130 acres of land in Alsace Township in Berks County where Peter Loch and Michael Maurer (who we will meet later) were taxed in 1767.⁴ In addition to his two sons who went to Pendleton County there was another son John who was baptized on 14 March 1745 at Christ Lutheran Church, Stouchburg, as a son of Peter and Eva Elizabeth Loch.⁵ Peter and his wife also had at least two daughters. Maria Elizabeth was living unmarried (perhaps still in her teens) in 1765, and Anna Elizabeth (perhaps a bit younger) was baptized on 11 March 1750 at Trinity Church at Tulpehocken. No marriage has yet been found for either daughter in Berks County.

This is perhaps the proper place to introduce the difficulties in sorting out certain references to Peter Lough (and his sons) in Berks County and in Virginia. They are generally known as Loch or Lock, but there was another family in Berks County named Lack (and near variants).⁶ Mary Harter, the first serious genealogist of Pendleton County families, undertook a search for the ancestry of George Lough for a client living in Seal Beach, California, in 1981. She got back (correctly) to the Tulpehocken Valley where so many of the early German families of Pendleton County originated. She did an enormous amount of work reading the original German church registers in that area and found the baptism of Adam Lough's daughter at Reading on 4 April 1765.⁷ However she got so bogged down in the confusing references to the Lack/Lauck/Laux family and the conflicting names and dates in Berks County that she could not come to any conclusion about the Lock/Loch/Loeh family of her client's husband.⁸

Peter Loch was living as late as 1768 on his farm of 100 acres in Alsace Township where he was taxed 10 shillings on his land and two horses, four cattle and two sheep. There is no surviving tax list for the next 11 years and it may be taken as likely that Peter died without the benefit of probate in Alsace Township in this period, 1768-1779. ⁹

JOHANN ADAM LOCH, Peter's eldest son (and the Adam Lough who left a large family in Pendleton County), was born on 8 August 1737 and was christened three days later at Baumholder, Germany.¹⁰ He married, by what can only be a considerable coincidence, Maria Barbara Lack, a daughter of the family which has been so easily confused with his own. He was married as Adam Loeh at the Host Reformed Church at Tuplehocken on 4 March 1760, and he and Barbara appear to have had several daughters in rather quick succession. Unfortunately only one christening has been found to date for any of his children. Maria Elizabeth, daughter of Adam and Maria Barbara Loeh, was born on 18 March 1765 and christened on April 4th at Trinity Lutheran Church at Reading. Peter Loeh [the grandfather], and Maria Elizabeth Loeh, a sister [of the father] were the sponsors. Alsace Township adjoins Reading on the east and the party obviously came from there. This is the last mention of Adam Lough in Pennsylvania.

He was in Pendleton County by 3 May 1769 when he purchased (as Adam Lock) 88 acres from Nicholas Seybert for £10, described as being on the mountain between the South Fork and the South Branch of the Potomac. It had been patented to Jacob Seybert, the father of the grantor, on 10 November 1757 and adjoined Michael Mallow's line.¹¹ Traditionally Adam and Barbara are said to have first settled briefly in a cave at the head of Reed's Creek until their cabin could be built.¹² On 10 October 1772 Adam Loff and Adam Harpole were witnesses to the will of George Fultz. The widow Catherine Barbara Fultz qualified as executor on 16 March 1773 with Nicholas Harpole and Adam Loft as her sureties.¹³ On 14 October 1772 he had 53 acres adjoining Adam Harpole and his own land surveyed.¹⁴ To this he added a further 80 acres on Shavers Run, described as a branch of the South Fork of the Potomac, on 3 November 1773.¹⁵ He appears on an early tax list of 1777 with one tithable (himself) and his 88 acres.¹⁶ He is found with regularity thereafter in the records until his death at the age of 63 during the winter of 1789-90 at KIine in Pendleton County.¹⁷ He was doubtless buried there.

Adam Lough's will ("being very sick & weak in body") was signed on 5 November 1789. His wife Barbara was named executrix and given wide powers to pay his debts and to care for his children. His eldest son Adam, then scarcely ten years old, was given twelve years after he came of age to make yearly payments to his brothers and sisters. If he elected to make these payments (which were to be based on an appraisal of the value of his plantation) then Adam was to have his father's land. If not, it was to be sold at public vendue and Adam was to have £10 above an equal share of the proceeds as the eldest son and heir of his father. Two daughters, Catherine and Mary, apparently already married, were not to have their payment until the rest of the children had been paid. The implication is that they had some small settlement at the time of their marriage. These are the only three children mentioned by name, but it appears that he was survived by at least 12 children at the time of his death. The will was apparently written by Robert Poage, and he and Jacob Conrad (who had also lived earlier in the Tulpehocken Valley) were the two witnesses. He signed his will as Adam Loch, although he is called Lough in the text.¹⁸ The widow Barbara last appears in the tax lists in 1810. She outlived her husband by some 20 years and died in June or July of the same year.
There has been an certain amount of confusion between the 12 children of Adam and Barbara and their 13 cousins (with many of the same given names) born to George and Mary Lough.¹⁹ Jeff Carr of Charlottesville, Virginia, has made an intensive study of the Loughs of the second generation in Virginia and has documented the following children of Adam Lough:

1. Mary (Anna Maria), born 1760-5. She married George Miller before her father's death and died after 1830 in Pendleton County.
2. Margaret. She married Jacob Sites of Hardy County on 4 February 1792 in Pendleton County.
3. Maria Elizabeth, born 18 March 1765. She married John Miller on 10 January 1792 in Pendleton County, and died there between 1810-20.
4. Susannah, born 1770-5. She had married George Sites of Hardy County by 1800.
5. Barbara, born 1765-75. She married George Greenwalt, Jr., in 1799 in Pendleton County.
6. Hannah, born 1775-84. She married Abraham Sites of Hardy County on 24 May 1802 in Pendleton County. She died there in the late winter or early spring of 1829.
7. Adam, the eldest son, born 1781. He married Elizabeth __ about 1799-1800, and had died in Pendleton County by May 1853.
8. Eve, born 1780-4. She married Daniel Sites on 2 September 1816 in Pendleton County, and died on 16 May 1838.
9. John, born 1782-3. He married Sarah Harpole by 1802-3. He and his two younger brothers George and Conrad served together in Captain James Cunningham's company in the War of 1812. A farmer, he is said to have died on 14 June 1853 in Pendleton County.²⁰
10. George, born 1785. He is called Senior in the muster roll of Captain Cunningham's company, no doubt to distinguish him from his cousin of the same name. He died, a bachelor, in the spring of 1854.
11. Elizabeth, born 1784-8. She married Abraham Sites on 4 June 1829.
12. Conrad, born 1788. He married (1) Catherine Mallow on 12 September 1809, and (2) Barbara Sites by 1816. He died in 1860.²¹

All of his sons stayed in Pendleton County. Adam, John, George, and Conrad Lough (aged 69, 68, 65 and 62) were all farming there in the 1850 census.

GEORGE LOCH [our ancestor]. No christening has been found for this man but he seems to have been born about 1750.²² According to descendants he served for four years and four months in the Revolutionary army "under Washington throughout the struggle for independence."²³ He can be safely identified with the George Lough who was a private in the Second Regiment of the Pennsylvania Continental Line. The records of the army raised in Pennsylvania were largely lost by fire soon after the war, but a few lists of irregular musters taken of the regiment survive.²⁴ From one of them we learn that George Lough was on active duty in May 1780 in the company lately commanded by Captain Jacob Ashmead, under Colonel Waiter Stewart.
George Lough was still with his company on the early night of 1 January 1781 when a New Year's celebration turned into a revolt by the Pennsylvania Line. It numbered about 2400 men and was about a quarter of Washington's entire army. Their mutiny has been blamed on Scotch-Irish who formed about two-thirds of the Line; the remaining third of the men of German descent were said to have been more docile. There can be no doubt that their grievances did represent a overt breach of a contract which had promised to furnish food, clothing and pay to the army. Instead the troops were starving, nearly naked, and paid with paper money that was as worthless as it was late. The Pennsylvania Line had enlisted for three years, but when a number of men who had served their three years called for their discharges they were not only refused but roughly handled and kept against their wishes for an additional year.²⁵

The Continental Congress and the Pennsylvania Council cooperated to set right their mistakes. The Pennsylvania Line was immediately disbanded, but the troops were furnished with clothes for their journey home. They also promised that the matter of back pay was to be settled with an adjustment for depreciation in the value of the currency. George Lough was one of those soldiers in the Continental Line who was entitled to depreciated pay, but his certificate was never redeemed and escheated to the state.²⁶

His service with the army lasting over four years (and correctly reported by his descendants) was over and he went back to Berks County. He was home later in 1781 when he was taxed £2.5.0d as a "single freeman" in Cumru Township where he either lived with, or near, his uncle John Bollman.²⁷

He and his intended wife Anna Maria Siehl were sponsors on 19 May 1782 at the baptism of Maria Sarah, a daughter of William Philipps and his unnamed wife at St. John's (Hain's) Church.²⁸ The marriage of the Loughs followed only six days later, on 25 May 1782, when she is called Maria Magdalena Siehl.²⁹ Johannes, the son of Georg Loch and his unnamed wife, was christened at the same church on 3 August 1783.³⁰ His wife's name is remembered by descendants as Mary Seal and is said to have been "1/2 Penn Dutch."³¹ The name of her mother is unknown, but Mary was probably the daughter of Edward Seal of English descent.³² The young couple left soon after for Shaver's Run in Pendleton County, probably in the fall of 1783.

He is found listed a few months later in the 1784 tax list of Rockingham County.³³ He and his adjacent older brother Adam are both called Hole by John Davis, the collector on the South Branch in what is now Pendleton County. The German loch does mean "hole" in English, but this is the only time that we have found them with this surname in Virginia. This list is also interesting as it gives the number of "white souls" found in every household. Adam Hole had ten, while the younger George had only four.³⁴

George Lough was named as Lieutenant in the Lower South Branch Company of the Pendleton County Militia, (serving under Captain James Skidmore) at the formation of the new county. His commission was probably an appointment owed to his long experience as an enlisted man in the Revolution. He had prospered by 1788 (if livestock can be considered as a measure of wealth) when he was taxed on eight horses, while his brother Adam possessed only two.³⁵

George Lough left Pendleton County soon after the 1810 census was taken.³⁶ He settled with a part of his sons in the Hacker Valley in what is now Webster (then Randolph) County, West Virginia. He died there shortly before 25 February 1818 when an appraisal was made of his estate. A vendue sale was held and Nicholas Gibson, the administrator, in his final account showed that the widow had taken away personal property appraised at $90.83 (including her coffee mill, a Dutch oven, a spinning wheel, and more). The entire estate totalled $306.55.³⁷ Before he died George Lough entered into an Articles of Agreement with his sons Philip and Edward Lough dated 26 September 1816 for the support of his wife Mary and himself. The sons were to have the land that their parents lived on. In return they were to pay the other heirs $40.00 each after his death at intervals of 18 months, beginning with the eldest and ending with the youngest.³⁸ This was not unlike the arrangement that his brother Adam had made for the benefit of his children. Mary Lough survived her husband for many years and is last noticed in December 1824 on the marriage bond of her daughter Elizabeth.

Jeff Carr, again using receipts from his heirs (which clearly shows that there were 13 children), tax lists, and marriage registers has produced a complete list of George Lough's family:

1. John, baptized 3 August 1783. He married (1) Hannah Smith on 30 July 1805 in Pendleton County, and (2) Elizabeth Legg on 14 October 1847 in Champaign County, Ohio. He sold his blacksmith's shop in Franklin, the county seat of Pendleton County, and moved before 1840 to Goshen Township in Champaign County where he died (still a blacksmith) in September 1852.
2. Margaret, born about 1785. She married (1) Nicholas Butcher, Jr., in 1805, and (2) Jacob McMahon on 26 August 1815 (from whom she had separated by 1830). She died in Pendleton County about 1834-40.
3. Adam, born 19 August 1788. A turner by trade, he married Mary Skidmore and died on 20 November 1854 in Braxton County, West Virginia.
4. George, born 1789. He married Catherine Heater on 21 February 1821 in Harrison County, West Virginia. They moved before 1850 to Clay County, Illinois, where he died (in adjoining Richland County) in November 1859 of palsy.
5. Eleanor, born about 1791. She married William Casebolt on 25 December 1816 in Harrison County.
6. Barbara, born about 1790-4. She married (1) Peter Smith on 10 August 1816, and (2) Benjamin Rains on 30 September 1833 in Pendleton County. They were enumerated there in the 1840 census, but were both dead in 1850.
7. Peter (Reverend), born 26 September 1793, a twin. He married Prudence Gibson on 25 December 1816 in Harrison County, a double ceremony with his sister Eleanor. He was a farmer at Boot Post Office in Clay County, Illinois, where he died on 16 April 1860. They are buried in the Wesley Methodist Cemetery on the border with Richland County.
8. Philip, born 26 September 1793, a twin. He married Sally Fisher on 9 August 1820 in Lewis County, West Virginia, where he was a blacksmith at Weston Post Office in 1860. He died there on Stanley Run on 4 April 1872.
9. Eve, born 9 June 1795. She married Jacob Gibson on 3 July 1817 in Lewis County, and went with him to Clay County, Illinois.
10. Mary (Mollie), born about 1797. She married James Skidmore, and died in Pendleton County in 1828.
11. Phoebe, born about 1800. She married William Sisk on 17 May 1825 in Lewis County. She was probably dead in 1840.
12. Edward, born about 1802. He was probably named for Edward Seal, his maternal grandfather. A young marksman, Edward Lough was paid in 1817 for wolf scalps brought into the Randolph County Court. He died unmarried in 1819 or 1820 in Lewis County.
13. Elizabeth, born 1804. She married Samuel Peyton Byrne on 21 January 1825 in Lewis County.³⁹

A final note. Jacob and Johannes Loch, aged 35 and 16, who came on the Friendship, seem to have settled in Tinicum Township, Bucks County, although the computed date of Jacob's birth (from a burial record) does not match up with his age on the passenger list of the Friendship. At the time of her death Jacob's second wife Anna Sybilla Loch (who he had married in Germany) is said to have been born at "Weyerbach in the Palatinate."⁴⁰ Jeff Cart identifies this with Weiersbach (hard by Wolfersweiler), and it appears that Jacob Loch's family came from that area as well.

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1. Peter Kline Kaylor, assisted by George Warren Chappelear, Abstract of Land Grant Surveys, 1761-1791, Rockingham County Historical Society, (Harrisonburg, 1938), 116. Henry Switzer (and Switzer's Meadows near Peaked Mountain) are mentioned in 1761. Kline is the nearest place found on modern maps.
2. Annette Kunselman Burgert, Eighteenth Century Emigrants from German-Speaking Lands to North America, Volume II, The Western Palatinate. The Pennsylvania German Society (1985) 59, 153, 223-4. The Baumholder Lutheran Parish register starts in 1701, and includes families living in Aulenbach and several other small villages in the area. This account is reprinted from Burgert's Pennsylvania Pioneers from Wolfersweiler Parish, Saarland, Germany (AKB Publications, 691 Weavertown Road, Myerstown, PA 17067-2642).
3. Ralph Beaver Strassburger, Pennsylvania German Pioneers: a publication of the early lists of arrivals in the port of Philadelphia from 1727 to 1808 (Norristown, 1934) I, 269. The Bollmans signed their names in German script, but Peter Lough made only an O as his mark. John Adam Bollman, reckoned as an adult, had been baptized at Baumholder on 6 April 1721.
4. Pennsylvania Archives, series III, volume 18, page 27.
5. The sponsor at his christening was John Bollman, presumably his uncle Johannes Bollman who was born on 17 May 1729 (Burgert, II 59). The only adult John Lough found in Pennsylvania in this period was born about 1750 and married Elizabeth Speedy on 13 April 1773 at Abington, Montgomery (then Philadelphia) County. He served in Captain Walter McKinney's company of Cumberland County Militia in 1781-2, and was buried in March 1816 in the Burnt Meeting House Cemetery in Grant District, Monongalia County, West Virginia. He is sometimes said to have been a son (which is unlikely) or a grandson (possible) of the Jacob Loch on the Friendship.
6. Another complication is the pronunciation of Lough. Apparently in early Berks County, and in Pendleton County down to date, the name rhymes with joke. In Lewis County, and no doubt elsewhere, descendants are known as low.
7. Four completely indexed volumes of transcripts by F. Edward Wright, Berks County church records of the 18th century, have lately been published by Family Line Publications of Westminster, Maryland. They were not available to Mrs. Hatter (who died in 1992), nor did she know about the Bollman connection in both Germany and Berks County. Interested readers should watch for later volumes in this series.
8. I am indebted to Lillian Lough Martz of Magnolia Springs, Alabama, for copies of Mrs. Hatter's seven reports. In the last of these (15 October 1981) she writes of the christening in 1765 that "While just now we have no PROOF this is the Adam Lough who appears in (now) Pendleton Co., there is a good chance that it is." She would be happy to know that her supposition was correct.
9. Pennsylvania Archives, III, 18, 97. Proprietory and state tax lists survive for Alsace Township for the years 1767, 1768, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1784, and 1785 and are reprinted here.
10. Burgert, 223.
11. Lyman Chalkley, Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia, III, 494. Both the Seyberts and the Mallows were old neighbors of the Loughs from the Tuplehocken Valley.
12. This is to be taken with some caution as Deer Run drains the eastern side of North Mountain and is a considerable distance from Shaver's Run. There is nothing to suggest that Adam Lough, Senior, ever lived on Deer Run. In the 1823 tax list James Skidmore owned two tracts of 166 and 40 acres on Reed's Creek (six miles north of the courthouse at Franklin) purchased from Adam Lough. In the same tax list Adam Lough, Junior, had 125 1/2 acres, and his brother John 12 1/2 acres at an unnamed place nine miles northeast of the courthouse. Isaac R. Lough reportedly still lives (1995) on Deer Run about 100 yards from the cave which is said to have been an early home of the family. The titles to these tracts have not been traced.
13. Chalkley, III, 127. Nicholas Harpole and Adam Lock were back in court on 19 March 1776 (Chalkley, I, 187) when John Oldham, who had married the widow Barbara Fultz, demanded counter security.
14. Kaylor, 73.
15. Kaylor, 83. Jeff Carr points out that this is an error on the survey; Shavers Run flows into the South Branch of the Potomac.
16. Allegheny Regional Ancestors, I (Winter 1992) 50.
17. In 1788, shortly before his death, be was taxed on two horses but his brother George (who had prospered) was taxed on eight horses.
18. Pendleton County Will Book I, page 6.
19. For the descendants of Adam Lough see also Oren F. Morton, A history of Pendleton County, West Virginia (1910), 251-2. The material published there is to be received with considerable caution; there is, for example, no evidence to support the marriage of a daughter Catherine to George Teter.
20. It seems likely that he died on 14 June 1852 since his will written in May 1852 was probated on 6 January 1853. His age at death (80 years, 5 months, 18 days as it appears on his tombstone) is also suspect. It seems most likely that the instructions given to the stonecutter (perhaps long after his death) were wrong. His wife Sarah is said to have been born on 6 May 1775 and died on 18 April 1858.
21. No marriage has been found for the Catherine Lough mentioned in her father's will. Catherine may have been the first or middle German name of one of the other daughters listed above. This list of the children of Adam Lough has been taken from the Pendleton County Order Book 6 (1808-14), 47; Will Book I, page 6; and the Personal Property Tax Lists (where the sons of the widow Barbara am identified as such in 1810 and 1811). Distinctions between cousins of the same name have been made using the census schedules and marriage registers of Pendleton, Harrison, and Lewis Counties.
22. The only information that we have as to his age is the 1810 census of Pendleton County where both he and his wife were listed as over 45, hence born before 1765.
23. Portrait and biographical records of Effingham, Jasper and Richland Counties, Illinois (Chicago, 1893) 457-9.
24. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, volume II, 837, 879; also IV, 119.
25. For the events of the New Year's night, see Rupert Hughes, George Washington, The Savior of the States 1777-1781 (New York, 1930), 590-4.
26. The cancelled certificates for depreciated pay are at the Pennsylvania State Library.
27. John Bollman, his uncle was a prosperous blacksmith in Cumru Township. He was buried at Hain's Church near Wernersville in Berks County where the date of his birth on his tombstone (born 17 May 1728, died November 1803) is off by a year according to the register of the Baumholder Reformed Church. In 1779 he was taxed 3,378 shillings (in the depreciated money of the day) on 300 acres, four horses and six cattle.
28. F. Edward Wright, Berks County church records of the 18th Century, Ill, 143. The sponsors were sometimes related to the parents, but we do not at present have any clue to suggest a kinship with William Philipps.
29. It is not possible to decide which was the correct form of her name as she was never called anything other than Mary or Polly in Virginia. Siehl (which is correct) has been transcribed elsewhere wrongly as Diehl.
30. Wright, III, 144. St. John's (Hain's) Reformed Church in Lower Heidelberg Township.
31. This fact, his Revolutionary service, a family tree, and some other miscellaneous notes written by Norman A. Lough (1852-1925) survive. They were apparently based on the recollections of his grandmother Prudence (Gibson) Lough who made her home with his parents after she was widowed in 1860. Mr. Lough was the City Attorney of Olney, Illinois, and later practiced law in Chicago. He died at Long Beach, California.
32. A cursory search in Berks and adjoining counties has not turned up a probate for Edward under any of the likely variants of his surname. Michael Mauer, son of the late Michael Mauer, married Elizabeth Siel, daughter of the late Edward Siel, on 24 July 1785. (Wright, III, 231.) Michael Mauer, doubtless the father, was taxed in Alsace Township in 1767. Siel and Siehl are presumably the way that the German pastors heard the English name Seal.
33. It is printed (in lieu of the lost census for Virginia) in Heads of Families at the First Census [of 1790] ... Virginia (1908), 77.
34. George Lough can not have had two children this early, which suggests that perhaps an aged mother or a sister came from Pennsylvania with him.
35. John W. Wayland, Virginia Valley Records (1965), 105.
36. George Lough, Sr., is last listed in the 1810 tax list of Pendleton County.
37. Randolph County Will Book II, 61-5.
38. lbid., 36-7.
39. In addition to the sources mentioned in the text see the Braxton County Deed Book I, pages 2, 28, 457, and the Nicholas County Deed Book III, pages 399, 469.
40. Rev. John Hinke, Kellers Lutheran Church Records (Bucks County Genealogical Society) 102. Mrs. Jacob Loch: "1768 - April 23, died Anna Sybilla Loch, born at Weyerbach in the Palatinate, September 28, 1693, buried April 24, 1765, age 74 years, 7 months, 4 days, left 7 children and 16 grandchildren." Earlier we find: "1753 - Jacob Loch, born at Weyerbach, township of Naumburg, in Baaden, in the year 1687, his age 66 years" a flat contradiction. The register of Fischbach (near Herrstein) is at Dusseldorf in the Archiv der Evangelischen Kirche im Rheinland, (and available at Salt Lake City on Family History Library reels 0489840-2). They include Weiersbach in the Rhineland-Palatinate, and christenings found there settle the contradiction. I am most grateful to Judy Cassidy of Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, for enlarged copies from the register and for much more information on the Loch family of Bucks County than has been possible to use here.